|
 |
||||||
قَالَ الله تَعَالَى : ﴿ أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَنْ تَذَكَّرَ وَجَاءكُمُ النَّذِيرُ ﴾ [ فاطر (37) ] . قَالَ ابن عباس والمُحَقِّقُونَ : أَو لَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً ؟ وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ الحديث الَّذِي سنذْكُرُهُ إنْ شاء الله تَعَالَى ، وقيل : معناه ثماني عَشْرَة سَنَةً ، وقيل : أرْبَعينَ سَنَةً ، قاله الحسن والكلبي ومسروق ونُقِلَ عن ابن عباس أيضاً . وَنَقَلُوا أنَّ أَهْلَ المدينَةِ كانوا إِذَا بَلَغَ أَحَدُهُمْ أربْعينَ سَنَةً تَفَرَّغَ للعِبادَةِ ، وقيل : هُوَ البُلُوغُ . وقوله تَعَالَى : ﴿ وجَاءكُمُ النَّذِيرُ ﴾ قَالَ ابن عباس والجمهور : هُوَ النَّبيّ ، وقيل : الشَّيبُ ، قاله عِكْرِمَةُ وابن عُيَيْنَة وغيرهما . والله أعلم . قوله تعالى : ﴿ أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُم مَّا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَن تَذَكَّرَ وَجَاءكُمُ النَّذِيرُ ﴾ [ فاطر (37) ] . هذا توبيخ من الله تعالى لأهل النار . يقول : أَوَ مَا عشتم في الدنيا أعمارًا لو كنتم ممن ينتفع بالحق لانتفعتم به في مدة عمركم . قال قتادة : اعلموا أنَّ طول العمر حجَّة ، فنعوذ بالله أنْ نُعيَّر بطول العمر ، قد نزلت هذه الآية : ﴿ أَوَ لَم نُعَمِركُم مَّا يَتَذَكَّرُ ﴾ ، وأنَّ فيهم لابن ثماني عشرة سنة . وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما مرفوعًا : إذا كان يوم القيامة قيل : أين أبناء الستين ؟ وهو العمر الذي قال الله تعالى فيه : ﴿ أَوَ لَم نُعَمِركُم مَّا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيِه مَن تَذَكَّرَ وَجَآءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُ ﴾ . وقال الشاعر :إذا بلغ الفتى ستين عامًافقد ذهب المسرة والفتاء وعن قتادة : ﴿ وَجَآءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُ ﴾ احتج عليهم بالعمر والرسل . وقرأ عبد الرحمن بن زيد : ﴿ هَذَا نَذِيُرُ مِنَ النُّذُرِ الأُولَى ﴾ . والشيب ، نذير أيضًا ؛ لأنه يأتي في سن الاكتهال ، وهو علامة لمفارقة سِنِّ الصبا الذي هو سِنُّ اللهو واللعب . قال الشاعر : رأيت الشيب من نذر المنايالصاحبه وحسبك من نذير
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Did We not give you lives long enough, so that whosoever would receive admonition, - could receive it? And the warner came to you." (35:37)
Ibn 'Abbas and others said that "long enough" in the Verse means sixty years. The Hadith which follows supports this. Others said it means eighteen years; Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Al-Kalbi and Masruq said it means forty years, it has also been reported by Ibn Abbas and others that whenever the people of Al-Madinah turned forty years of age, they would devote themselves completely to worship. "Long enough" in the Verse has also been interpreted to mean the age of puberty. Ibn 'Abbas and the majority of Muslim scholars said that the "warner" in the Verse refers to the Prophet (PBUH). 'Ikrimah bin 'Umaiyyah and others interpreted this word as the grayness or whiteness of hair". Allah knows better.
[112] وأما الأحاديث فالأول : عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبيّ قَالَ : « أعْذَرَ الله إِلَى امْرِئٍ أَخَّرَ أجَلَهُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً » . رواه البخاري .قَالَ العلماء : معناه لَمْ يَتْرُكْ لَهُ عُذراً إِذْ أمْهَلَهُ هذِهِ المُدَّةَ . يقال : أعْذَرَ الرجُلُ إِذَا بَلَغَ الغايَةَ في العُذْرِ . المعنى : أنَّ الله تعالى لم يُبْقِ للعبد اعتذارًا . كأن يقول : لو مُدَّ لي في الأجل لفعلت ما أُمرت به . فينبغي له الاستغفار والطاعة ، والإقبال على الآخرة بالكلية .
112. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Allah excuses and grants forgiveness to a person until he attains the age of sixty years".
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary:
1. This Hadith makes it evident that Allah does not punish any individual or nation without warning them first.
2. The second point is that a person who is given sixty years of life and yet he neglects the obligations of Faith, will have no excuse.
3. After the age of sixty years, one must not neglect his religious obligations because then one is closer to death. Although one may die even at a young age, in youth one is still hopeful of life. After crossing the age of sixty, to hope for longer age, while leading a sinful life and defying Divine injunctions constitute a disastrous conduct. May Allah save us from doing so.
[113] الثاني : عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما ، قَالَ : كَانَ عمر يُدْخِلُنِي مَعَ أشْيَاخِ بَدرٍ فكأنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ وَجَدَ في نفسِهِ ، فَقَالَ : لِمَ يَدْخُلُ هَذَا معنا ولَنَا أبْنَاءٌ مِثلُهُ ؟! فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : إنَّهُ منْ حَيثُ عَلِمْتُمْ ! فَدعانِي ذاتَ يَومٍ فَأدْخَلَنِي مَعَهُمْ فما رَأيتُ أَنَّهُ دعاني يَومَئذٍ إلا لِيُرِيَهُمْ ، قَالَ : مَا تقُولُون في قولِ الله تعالى : ﴿ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ ؟ [ النصر :1]. فَقَالَ بعضهم : أُمِرْنَا نَحْمَدُ اللهَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ إِذَا نَصَرنَا وَفَتحَ عَلَيْنَا ، وَسَكتَ بَعْضُهُمْ فَلَمْ يَقُلْ شَيئاً . فَقَالَ لي : أَكَذلِكَ تقُول يَا ابنَ عباسٍ ؟ فقلت : لا. قَالَ : فما تقول ؟ قُلْتُ : هُوَ أجَلُ رَسُول الله أعلَمَهُ لَهُ ، قَالَ : ﴿ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ وذلك علامةُ أجَلِكَ ﴿ فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّاباً ﴾ [ النصر (3) ] . فَقَالَ عمر : مَا أعلم مِنْهَا إلا مَا تقول . رواه البخاري . في هذا الحديث : فضل ابن عباس وسِعة علمه ، وكمال فهمه ، وتأثير لإجابة دعوة النبي أنْ يفقٌهه الله في الدين ، ويعلمه التأويل .فكم من صغير لاحظته عنايةمن الله فاحتاجت إليه الأكابر
113. Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) said: 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) used to make me sit with the noble elderly men who had participated in the battle of Badr. Some of them disliked it and said to 'Umar: "Why do you bring in this boy to sit with us when we have sons like him?" 'Umar replied: "Because of the status he has, which you already know about (i.e., belongs to the source of knowledge and the house of the Prophet (PBUH))." One day, 'Umar called me and seated me in the gathering of those people; and I think that he called me just to show them (of my religious knowledge). 'Umar then questioned them (in my presence). "How do you interpret the ayah of Allah: 'When there comes the Help of Allah (to you, O Muhammad (PBUH) against your enemies) and the Conquest (of Makkah)."' Someone said that when Allah's Help and the Conquest (of Makkah) came to us, we were called upon to celebrate the Praise of Allah and ask for His forgiveness. Some others remained silent and did not utter a word. Thereupon 'Umar asked me: "Ibn 'Abbas! Do you say the same." I replied: "No". He said: "What do you say then?" I replied: "That is the sign of the Prophet's death about which he had been informed. Allah, the Exalted, says:
'When there comes the help of Allah (to you, O Muhammad (PBUH) against your enemies) and the Conquest (of Makkah)'.
So declare the remoteness of your Rubb from every imperfection, and ask for His forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives".
On that 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "I do not know anything about it other than what you have said".
[Al-Bukhari]
Commentary:
1. This value of man does not go with the length of age but with that of intellect, intelligence, knowledge and consciousness. For this reason, a young boy can have precedence and preference over the elders due to his clear understanding and vast knowledge.
2. When a person gets closer to death, he must devote himself more and more to the praise and glorification of Allah and beg pardon from Him.
[114] الثالث : عن عائشة رضي الله عنها ، قَالَتْ : مَا صلّى رَسُول الله صلاةً بَعْدَ أنْ نَزَلتْ عَلَيهِ : ﴿ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ إلا يقول فِيهَا : « سُبحَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لي » . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ .وفي رواية في الصحيحين عنها : كَانَ رَسُول الله يُكْثِرُ أنْ يقُولَ في ركُوعِه وسُجُودهِ : « سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمدِكَ ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي » ، يَتَأوَّلُ القُرآنَ . معنى : « يَتَأَوَّلُ القُرآنَ » أي يعمل مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ في القرآن في قوله تَعَالَى: ﴿ فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ ﴾ . وفي رواية لمسلم : كَانَ رَسُول الله يُكثِرُ أنْ يَقُولَ قَبلَ أنْ يَمُوتَ : « سُبحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمدِكَ أسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأتُوبُ إلَيْكَ » . قَالَتْ عائشة : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُول الله ، مَا هذِهِ الكَلِماتُ الَّتي أرَاكَ أحْدَثْتَها تَقُولُهَا ؟ قَالَ : « جُعِلَتْ لي عَلامَةٌ في أُمَّتِي إِذَا رَأيْتُها قُلتُها ﴿ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ … إِلَى آخِرِ السورة . وفي رواية لَهُ : كَانَ رسولُ الله يُكثِرُ مِنْ قَولِ : « سبْحَانَ اللهِ وَبِحَمدِهِ أسْتَغفِرُ اللهَ وأتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ » . قَالَتْ : قُلْتُ : يَا رسولَ اللهِ ، أَراكَ تُكثِرُ مِنْ قَولِ سُبحَانَ اللهِ وَبِحَمدهِ أسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ وأتُوبُ إِلَيْه ؟ فَقَالَ : « أخبَرَني رَبِّي أنِّي سَأرَى عَلامَةً في أُمَّتي فإذا رَأيْتُها أكْثَرْتُ مِنْ قَولِ : سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وبِحَمدهِ أسْتَغْفرُ اللهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْه فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهَا : ﴿ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ ﴾ فتح مكّة ، ﴿ وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللهِ أَفْوَاجاً * فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّاباً ﴾ » . في هذا الحديث : مواظبته على التسبيح والتحمد والاستغفار في ركوعه وسجوده ، وأشرف أوقاته وأحواله . وفيه : خضوعه لربه وانطراحه بين يديه ، ورؤية التقصير في أداء مقام العبودية ، وحق الربوبية . وفيه : الحث على الازدياد من الخير في أواخر العمر .
114. ' Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) said: After the revelation of (the Surah) "When the Help of Allah comes (to you, O Muhammad (PBUH) against your enemies) and the Conquest (of Makkah)" (110:1), Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to recite in every prayer: "Subhanaka Rabbana wa bihamdika, Allahum-maghfir li (Far removed You are from every imperfection, our Rubb, and all praise is for You, forgive me, O Allah)".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Another narration is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) recited frequently in bowing and prostration: "Subhanaka Rabbana wa bihamdika, Allahum-maghfir li. (Far removed You are from every imperfection, our Rubb, and all praise is for You, forgive me, O Allah)". He elucidated that it has been commanded in the Noble Qur'an to recite: "So glorify the Praises of your Rubb, and ask for His forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives". (V.110:1) And he (the Messenger of Allah) acted upon it.
According to the narration in Muslim, Messenger of Allah (PBUH) frequently recited these words just before he passed away: "Subhanaka Rabbana wa bihamdika. Astaghfiruka wa atubu ilaika." I ('Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) asked him: "O Messenger of Allah! What are these new words which I hear from you repeatedly." He replied, "A sign has been appointed for me relating to my people that I should repeat these words at the sight of that sign". Then he recited Surat An-Nasr.
Another narration in Muslim related from 'Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) often recited, "Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him; I seek forgiveness of Allah and turn to Him in repentance." I said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, I hear you recite frequently: 'O Allah, You are free from every imperfection our Rubb and all praise is for You; I seek forgiveness of Allah and turn to Him in repentance."' He replied, "My Rubb has informed me that I would soon see a sign regarding my people, whenever I see it, I repeat this statement more often (of His Glorification and Praise and beg pardon of Him and turn to Him). Now I have witnessed the sign. The revelation of Surat An-Nasr and the victory is the conquest of Makkah."
"When there comes the Help of Allah (to you, O Muhammad (PBUH) against your enemies) and the Conquest (of Makkah). And you see that the people enter Allah's religion (Islam) in crowds. So glorify the Praises of your Rubb, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives." (110:1-3)
Commentary:
1. Acceptance and approval of reciting the words 'Subhanaka Rabbana wa bihamdika, Allahum-maghfirli' in Ruku' and Sujud respectively, instead of the words 'Subhana Rabbiyal-Azim' and 'Subhana Rabbiyal-A'la'.
2. One must express his gratitude to Allah whenever he receives a blessing from Him.
[115] الرابع : عن أنس قَالَ : إنَّ اللهَ تَابَعَ الوَحيَ عَلَى رسولِ الله قَبلَ وَفَاتهِ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ أكْثَرَ مَا كَانَ الوَحْيَ عَلَيِّه . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ . الحِكمة في كثرة الوحي عند وفاته ، لتكمل الشريعة فلا يبقى مما يوحى إليه بشيء . قال الله تعالى : ﴿ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الإِسْلاَمَ دِيناً ﴾ [ المائدة (3) ] . وكان خلقه القرآن يعمل بما فيه .
115. Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah the Rubb of honour and glory sent Revelation to His Messenger (PBUH) more frequently before his death than at any other time.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: During the last days of the Prophet (PBUH) the abundance of Wahy (Revelation) was an indication that he was about to leave this world.
[116] الخامس : عن جابر قَالَ : قَالَ رسول الله : « يُبْعَثُ كُلُّ عَبْدٍ عَلَى مَا مَاتَ عَلَيهِ » . رواه مسلم . في هذا الحديث : تحريضٌ للإِنسان على حسن العمل ، وملازمة الهَدْي المحمدي في سائر الأحوال ، والإِخلاص لله تعالى في الأقوال والأعمال ، ليموت على تلك الحالة الحميدة فيُبعث كذلك ، وبالله التوفيق .
116. Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Every one will be raised in the condition in which he dies".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith has a meaning similar to the one quoted at another place which signifies that if a person dies performing good deeds, he will have a good end; and the one who dies in misdeeds, he will come to a bad end. It is, therefore, necessary that one should always avoid disobedience of Divine injunctions, especially in old age and illness because one may fall in the clutches of death at any time .