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قَالَ الله تَعَالَى : ﴿ لا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ نَجْوَاهُمْ إلا مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ إِصْلاحٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ﴾ [ النساء (114) ] . المعروف : كل ما يستحسنه الشرع . وخصَّ الإصلاح لشرفه . قال الواحدي : هذا مما حثَّ عليه رسول الله ، فقال لأبي أيُّوب الأنصاري : « ألا أَدُلُّك على صدقة هي خير لك من حمر النعم » . قال : نعم يَا رسول الله . قال : « تصلح بين الناس إذا فسدوا ، وتقرَّب بينهم إذا تباعدوا » . وَقالَ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ ﴾ [ النساء (128) ] . أي : من الفرقة . وهذه الآية نزلت في الصلح بين المرأة وزوجها ، وهي عامة في كل شيء فيه خصومة ونزاع . وَقالَ تَعَالَى : ﴿ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ ﴾ [ الأنفال (1) ] . هذه الآية نزلت حين اختلف الصحابة في غنائم بدر . وهي عامة في كل ما يقع فيه النزاع والاختلاف الذي يورث الشحناء ؛ لأنَّ فساد ذات البين مضرة بالدين والدنيا . وَقالَ تَعَالَى : ﴿ إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ ﴾ [ الحجرات (10) ] . هذه الآية نزلت حين اقتتل بعضُ الصحابة بالسعف والنعال ، ثم أخذوا السلاح ، فأصلح بينهم النبي . وهي عامة في كل نزاع يقع بين المسلمين .
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"There is no good in most of their secret talks save (in) him who orders Sadaqah (charity in Allah's Cause), or Ma'ruf (Islamic Monotheism and all the good and righteous deeds which Allah has ordained), or conciliation between mankind." (4:114)
"...and making peace is better." (4:128)
"So fear Allah and adjust all matters of difference among you." (8:1)
"The believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islamic religion). So make reconciliation between your brothers." (49:10)
[248] وعن أَبي هريرة t قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول الله : « كُلُّ سُلاَمَى مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيهِ صَدَقَةٌ ، كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ : تَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ الاثْنَينِ صَدَقَةٌ ، وَتُعينُ الرَّجُلَ في دَابَّتِهِ فَتَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا ، أَوْ تَرْفَعُ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صَدَقَةٌ ، وَالكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقةٌ ، وَبِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ تَمشِيهَا إِلَى الصَّلاةِ صَدَقَةٌ ، وَتُميطُ الأَذى عَنِ الطَّريقِ صَدَقَةٌ » . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ .ومعنى « تَعدِلُ بينهما » : تُصْلِحُ بينهما بالعدل . السُّلامى : عظام البدن ومفاصله . قال النبي : « خلق الإنسان على ستين وثلاثمئة مفصل » . وفي الحديث : تجديد هذه الصدقات كل يوم شكرًا لله تعالى على ما أنعم به من العافية . وفي الحديث الآخر : « إنَّ الصدقة تدفع البلاء » .
248. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "On every joint of man, there is charity, on everyday when the sun rises: doing justice between two men is charity, and assisting a man to ride an animal or to load his luggage on it is charity; and a good word is charity, every step which one takes towards (the mosque for) Salat is charity, and removing harmful things from the way is charity".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: Almighty Allah has made human body flexible, that is to say, its parts have joints which enable him to make all kinds of movements. If human beings did not have these joints, it would not have been possible for its different parts to make movements which they do. Had it been so, one would not have been able to use various parts of his body as he likes. Thus, these joints are a valuable gift from Allah for which one should always be grateful to Him. In all, a person has three hundred and sixty joints in his body, as has already been stated in a Hadith narrated earlier.
According to some Ahadith, two Rak'ah of Duha prayer (optional forenoon prayer) has been regarded sufficient for this purpose, while in others, it has been stated that if one cannot do anything else for expressing gratefulness to Allah, he should refrain from harming others as it is a form of Sadaqah.
[249] وعن أمِّ كُلْثُوم بنت عُقْبَة بن أَبي مُعَيط رضي الله عنها ، قَالَتْ : سمِعتُ رسول الله يَقُولُ : « لَيْسَ الكَذَّابُ الَّذِي يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَنْمِي خَيراً ، أَوْ يقُولُ خَيْراً » . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ .وفي رواية مسلم زيادة ، قَالَتْ : وَلَمْ أسْمَعْهُ يُرْخِّصُ في شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَقُولُهُ النَّاسُ إلا في ثَلاثٍ ، تَعْنِي : الحَرْبَ ، وَالإِصْلاَحَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، وَحَدِيثَ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ ، وَحَدِيثَ المَرْأةِ زَوْجَهَا . في هذا الحديث : دليل على جواز الكذب في الحرب ، وفي الإصلاح بين الناس في ذلك ، وجواز الكذب على المرأة بما لا يبطل حقها ، كأن يقول : أنت كذا وكذا ، وأنا أحبك ، ونحو ذلك . والتورية أحسن ، فإن النبي إذا أراد غزوة ورَّى بغيرها .
249. Umm Kulthum bint 'Uqbah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, 'The person who (lies) in order to conciliate between people is not a liar, when he conveys good or says (something) good".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
The narration in Muslim added: She said, "I never heard him (she meant the Prophet (PBUH)) giving permission of lying in anything except in three (things): war, conciliating between people and the conversation of man with his wife and the conversation of a woman with her husband".
Commentary: This Hadith tells us a very important principle, that is, in spite of its being unlawful, one is permitted to tell a lie if one has to do it for reforming one's society or family or in the interest of Muslims in general. If two Muslim brothers are estranged and someone communicates to them such things which are likely to remove conflict and rancour between them, promote mutual love and bring them nearer to each other, such action, even if it has a lie, is not called a lie in Islam.
1. In order to keep the enemy unaware of the true position, it is permissible to make false propaganda as it is an indispensable device for winning war.
2. In order to maintain pleasant atmosphere in family life, and for this purpose telling a lie becomes inevitable. Shari'ah has permitted lying on such occasions.
[250] وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قَالَتْ : سَمِعَ رسولُ الله صَوْتَ خُصُومٍ بِالبَابِ عَاليةً أصْوَاتُهُمَا ، وَإِذَا أحَدُهُمَا يَسْتَوْضِعُ الآخَر وَيَسْتَرْفِقُهُ في شَيءٍ ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : والله لا أفْعَلُ ، فَخَرجَ عَلَيْهِمَا رسولُ اللهِ فَقَالَ : « أيْنَ المُتَأَلِّي عَلَى اللهِ لا يَفْعَلُ المَعْرُوفَ ؟ » ، فَقَالَ : أَنَا يَا رسولَ اللهِ ، فَلَهُ أيُّ ذلِكَ أحَبَّ . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ .معنى « يَسْتَوضِعُهُ » : يَسْأَلهُ أنْ يَضَعَ عَنْهُ بَعضَ دَيْنِهِ . « وَيَسْتَرفِقُهُ » : يَسأَلُهُ الرِّفْقَ . « وَالمُتَأَلِّي » : الحَالِفُ . قوله : ( فلهُ ، أي : ذلك أحب ) . وفي رواية لابن حبان : « إن شئت وضعت ما نقصوا ، وإنْ شئت من رأس المال » . فوضع ما نقصوا . وفي أول الحديث دخلت امرأة على النبي فقالت : إني ابتعتُ أنا وابني من فلان تمرًا فأحصيناه . ( والذي أكرمك بالحق ما أحصينا منه إلا ما نأكله في بطوننا ، أو نطعمه مسكينًا ، وجئنا نستوضعُه ما نقصنا ... ) الحديث . قال الحافظ : وهي غير قصة كعب بن مالك وخصمه عبد الله بن أبي حدرد . وفي الحديث : الحض على الرفق بالغريم ، والإحسان إليه بالوضع ، والزجر عن الحلف على ترك الخير . وفيه : الصفح عما يجري بين المتخاصمين من اللفظ ورفع الصوت .
250. 'Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) heard the voices of altercation of two disputants at the door; both the voices were quite loud. One was asking the other to make his debts little (so that he could pay them) and was pleading with him to show leniency to him, whereupon the (other one) said: "By Allah, I will not do that". Then there came Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to them and said, "Where is he who swore by Allah that he would not do good?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah, it is me. Now he may do as he desires".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith highlights the following four main points:
1. It is desirable to help someone who is in straitened circumstances because of a debt. If the lender forgives a part of the loan or gives concession of time in repayment of loan, it is an act of great merit. As Allah says:
"And if the debtor is in a hard time (has no money), then grant him time till it is easy for him to repay; but if you remit it by way of charity, that is better for you if you did but know." (2:280)
2. If someone seems to incline towards evil, he should be scolded so that he would keep himself away from it and would turn to virtue.
3. Such people who quarrel among themselves should not be left to mutual bickering but efforts should be made for their reconciliation.
4. People who are quarrelling should also co-operate with those who make efforts for reconciliation, and respect their spirit of goodwill.
[251] وعن أَبي العباس سهل بن سَعد الساعِدِيّ أنَّ رَسُول الله بَلَغَهُ أنَّ بَني عَمرو بن عَوْفٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ شَرٌّ ، فَخَرَجَ رسولُ الله يُصْلِحُ بَينَهُمْ في أُنَاس مَعَهُ ، فَحُبِسَ رَسُول الله وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاة ، فَجَاءَ بِلالٌ إِلَى أَبي بكر رضي الله عنهما ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبا بَكْر ، إنَّ رَسُول الله قَدْ حُبِسَ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاةُ فَهَلْ لَكَ أنْ تَؤُمَّ النَّاس ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، إنْ شِئْتَ ، فَأقَامَ بِلالٌ الصَّلاةَ ، وتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرَ النَّاسُ ، وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ الله يَمشي في الصُّفُوفِ حَتَّى قَامَ في الصَّفِّ ، فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ في التَّصْفيقِ ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بكرٍ t لا يَلْتَفِتُ في صَّلاتِه ، فَلَمَّا أكْثَرَ النَّاسُ في التَّصْفيقِ الْتَفَتَ ، فإِذَا رَسُول الله ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْه رسولُ الله فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْر t يَدَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ ، وَرَجَعَ القَهْقَرَى وَرَاءهُ حَتَّى قَامَ في الصَّفِّ ، فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ الله ، فَصَلَّى للنَّاسِ ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ، فَقَالَ : « أيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، مَا لَكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ شَيْءٌ في الصَّلاةِ أخَذْتُمْ في التَّصفيق ؟! إِنَّمَا التَّصفيق للنِّساء . مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ في صَلاتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ : سُبْحَانَ الله ، فَإِنَّهُ لا يَسْمَعُهُ أحدٌ حِينَ يقُولُ : سُبْحَانَ الله ، إلا الْتَفَتَ . يَا أَبَا بَكْر : مَا مَنَعَكَ أنْ تُصَلِّي بالنَّاسِ حِينَ أشَرْتُ إلَيْكَ ؟ » ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغي لابْنِ أَبي قُحَافَةَ أنْ يُصَلِّي بالنَّاسِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُول الله . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ .معنى « حُبِسَ » : أمْسَكُوهُ لِيُضَيِّفُوهُ . في هذا الحديث : السعي في الإصلاح بين الناس ، وجواز الصلاة بإمامين ، وجواز الالتفات للحاجة .
251. Sahl bin Sa'd As-Sa'idi (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: There was some quarrel among the members of Banu 'Amr bin 'Auf. Messenger of Allah (PBUH) went with some of his Companions to bring about peace between them and he was detained. The time for Salat approached and Bilal (May Allah be pleased with them) went to Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) and said to him: "Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has got late and it is the time for Salat. Will you lead Salat?" He said: "Yes, if you desire". Bilal (May Allah be pleased with him) proclaimed the Adhan and then pronounced Iqamah. Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) stepped forward and commenced As-Salat. (He recited Takbir and the people followed him). In the meantime, Messenger of Allah (PBUH) arrived and, passing through the rows, took his stand in the first row. The people started clapping. It was the habit of Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) that whenever he started praying, he would never look round. He paid no heed (to the clapping). When the clapping increased, he turned round and saw Messenger of Allah (PBUH). He (the Prophet (PBUH)) beckoned him to continue performing Salat. But Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) raised his hands and praised Allah. Then he retreated, taking his steps backwards. When Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saw that, he went ahead and led Salat. When he finished Salat, he faced the congregation and said, "Why do you clap when something happens during the Salat. Clapping is only for women. If something happens in the course of Salat you should say, Subhan Allah. It is bound to attract attention. And you, Abu Bakr, what prevented you from carrying on with Salat, after I beckoned to do so?" He said, "It was not becoming for the son of Abu Quhafah to lead Salat in the presence of Messenger of Allah (PBUH)".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
1. Banu 'Amr bin 'Auf was a big tribe of Aus which consisted of many families, they lived in Quba. A quarrel arose among them on some issue and they used stones and brickbats against each other. When the Prophet (PBUH) came to know about it, he personally went to them. The Hadith shows how important it is to bring about reconciliation amongst Muslims who are estranged from each other so that tension among them is not aggravated. If efforts are not made for reconciliation at the initial stages, the conflict will be escalated and then it will become difficult to resolve it.
2. Salat can be offered behind two Imam, one after the other.
3. In the course of Salat if Imam makes an error, his followers should bring it to his attentions by saying the words "Subhan Allah" aloud. Women may clap only.
4. In case of need, it is permissible in Salat to turn one's face slightly, to look with glances and move a little onward or backward. Such an act does not constitute a defect which renders the prayer invalid.