Tafheem ul Quran

Surah 10 Yunus, Ayat 13-14

وَلَقَدۡ اَهۡلَـكۡنَا الۡـقُرُوۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِكُمۡ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوۡا ​ ۙ وَجَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُهُمۡ بِالۡبَيِّنٰتِ وَمَا كَانُوۡا لِيُـؤۡمِنُوۡا ​ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ نَجۡزِى الۡقَوۡمَ الۡمُجۡرِمِيۡنَ‏ ﴿10:13﴾ ثُمَّ جَعَلۡنٰكُمۡ خَلٰٓـئِفَ فِى الۡاَرۡضِ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ لِنَـنۡظُرَ كَيۡفَ تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ‏ ﴿10:14﴾

(10:13) Surely We destroyed the nations (which had risen to heights of glory in their times) before you16 when they indulged in wrong-doing17 and refused to believe even when their Messengers brought clear signs to them. Thus do We recompense the people who are guilty. (10:14) Now We have appointed you as their successors in the earth to see how you act.18


Notes

16. The Arabic word qarn is commonly used for the people living during the same period. But from the way the Quran has used this word on different occasions, it is evident that by qarn is, meant the community which had been invested with power and authority and appointed wholly or partially to the position of leadership of the world. One way in which such a community is destroyed is that it is totally exterminated but there are other forms of its destruction also.

17. Here the word zulm has not been used in its commonly known limited sense, but it covers all sorts of sins that are committed, when people transgress the boundaries of Allah’s slavery. Refer to (E.N. 49 of Surah Al-Baqarah).

18. (Ayats 13-14) have been pointedly addressed to the Arabs so as to say, “O Prophet (peace be upon him) of Arabia, learn a lesson from the communities that have passed before you. They were given an opportunity for doing good deeds in their time but instead of this they adopted the attitude of transgression and rebellion and rejected the teachings of the Messengers who had been sent for their guidance. As they failed in Our test, We dismissed them from leadership. Now, O people of Arabia, your turn has come and you have replaced them and have gotten the opportunity for doing the same work under the guidance of Our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). You must understand that you are undergoing the same test in which your predecessors have failed. If you do not want to meet with the end they met, you should make the right use of this opportunity by learning a lesson from their end and by avoiding the errors, which became the ultimate cause of their destruction.