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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
Introduction to Tafheem | Glossary | Verbs
Tafsirs: Maarif | Dawat | Ishraq | Clear

 Surah At-Tawbah 9:81-89 [11/16] ↕
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
فَرِحَRejoice
ٱلْمُخَلَّفُونَthose who remained behind
بِمَقْعَدِهِمْin their staying
خِلَـٰفَbehind
رَسُولِ(the) Messenger
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah,
وَكَرِهُوٓاْand they disliked
أَنto
يُجَـٰهِدُواْstrive
بِأَمْوَٲلِهِمْwith their wealth
وَأَنفُسِهِمْand their lives
فِىin
سَبِيلِ(the) way
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
وَقَالُواْand they said,
لَا`(Do) not
تَنفِرُواْgo forth
فِىin
ٱلْحَرِّ‌ۗthe heat.`
قُلْSay,
نَارُ`(The) Fire
جَهَنَّمَ(of) Hell
أَشَدُّ(is) more intense
حَرًّا‌ۚ(in) heat.`
لَّوْIf (only)
كَانُواْthey could
يَفْقَهُونَunderstand.
﴿٨١﴾
فَلْيَضْحَكُواْSo let them laugh
قَلِيلاًa little,
وَلْيَبْكُواْand let them weep
كَثِيرًاmuch
جَزَآءَۢ(as) a recompense
بِمَاfor what
كَانُواْthey used to
يَكْسِبُونَearn.
﴿٨٢﴾
فَإِنThen if
رَّجَعَكَ ٱللَّهُAllah returns you
إِلَىٰto
طَآئِفَةٍa group
مِّنْهُمْof them,
فَٱسْتَــْٔذَنُوكَand they ask you permission
لِلْخُرُوجِto go out,
فَقُلthen say,
لَّن`Never
تَخْرُجُواْwill you come out
مَعِىَwith me
أَبَدًاever
وَلَنand never
تُقَـٰتِلُواْwill you fight
مَعِىَwith me
عَدُوًّا‌ۖany enemy.
إِنَّكُمْIndeed, you
رَضِيتُمwere satisfied
بِٱلْقُعُودِwith sitting
أَوَّلَ(the) first
مَرَّةٍtime,
فَٱقْعُدُواْso sit
مَعَwith
ٱلْخَـٰلِفِينَthose who stay behind.`
﴿٨٣﴾
وَلَاAnd not
تُصَلِّyou pray
عَلَىٰٓfor
أَحَدٍany
مِّنْهُمof them
مَّاتَwho dies,
أَبَدًاever,
وَلَاand not
تَقُمْyou stand
عَلَىٰby
قَبْرِهِۦٓ‌ۖhis grave.
إِنَّهُمْIndeed, they
كَفَرُواْdisbelieved
بِٱللَّهِin Allah
وَرَسُولِهِۦand His Messenger,
وَمَاتُواْand died
وَهُمْwhile they were
فَـٰسِقُونَdefiantly disobedient.
﴿٨٤﴾
وَلَاAnd (let) not
تُعْجِبْكَimpress you
أَمْوَٲلُهُمْtheir wealth
وَأَوْلَـٰدُهُمْ‌ۚand their children.
إِنَّمَاOnly
يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُAllah intends
أَنto
يُعَذِّبَهُمpunish them
بِهَاwith it
فِىin
ٱلدُّنْيَاthe world,
وَتَزْهَقَand will depart
أَنفُسُهُمْtheir souls
وَهُمْwhile they
كَـٰفِرُونَ(are) disbelievers.
﴿٨٥﴾
وَإِذَآAnd when
أُنزِلَتْwas revealed
سُورَةٌa Surah
أَنْthat;
ءَامِنُواْbelieve
بِٱللَّهِin Allah
وَجَـٰهِدُواْand strive
مَعَwith
رَسُولِهِHis Messenger,
ٱسْتَــْٔذَنَكَask your permission
أُوْلُواْ(the) men
ٱلطَّوْلِ(of) wealth
مِنْهُمْamong them
وَقَالُواْand said,
ذَرْنَا`Leave us,
نَكُن(to) be
مَّعَwith
ٱلْقَـٰعِدِينَthose who sit.`
﴿٨٦﴾
رَضُواْThey (were) satisfied
بِأَنto
يَكُونُواْbe
مَعَwith
ٱلْخَوَالِفِthose who stay behind,
وَطُبِعَand were sealed
عَلَىٰ[on]
قُلُوبِهِمْtheir hearts,
فَهُمْso they
لَا(do) not
يَفْقَهُونَunderstand.
﴿٨٧﴾
لَـٰكِنِBut
ٱلرَّسُولُthe Messenger
وَٱلَّذِينَand those who
ءَامَنُواْbelieved
مَعَهُۥwith him
جَـٰهَدُواْstrove
بِأَمْوَٲلِهِمْwith their wealth
وَأَنفُسِهِمْ‌ۚand their lives.
وَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَAnd those,
لَهُمُfor them
ٱلْخَيْرَٲتُ‌ۖ(are) the good things,
وَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَand those -
هُمُthey
ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ(are) the successful ones.
﴿٨٨﴾
أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُAllah has prepared
لَهُمْfor them
جَنَّـٰتٍGardens
تَجْرِىflows
مِنfrom
تَحْتِهَاunderneath it
ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُthe rivers,
خَـٰلِدِينَ(will) abide forever
فِيهَا‌ۚin it.
ذَٲلِكَThat
ٱلْفَوْزُ(is) the success
ٱلْعَظِيمُthe great.
﴿٨٩﴾

فَرِحَ الۡمُخَلَّفُوۡنَ بِمَقۡعَدِهِمۡ خِلٰفَ رَسُوۡلِ اللّٰهِ وَكَرِهُوۡۤا اَنۡ يُّجَاهِدُوۡا بِاَمۡوَالِهِمۡ وَاَنۡفُسِهِمۡ فِىۡ سَبِيۡلِ اللّٰهِ وَقَالُوۡا لَا تَنۡفِرُوۡا فِى الۡحَـرِّؕ قُلۡ نَارُ جَهَـنَّمَ اَشَدُّ حَرًّا​ؕ لَوۡ كَانُوۡا يَفۡقَهُوۡنَ‏  فَلۡيَـضۡحَكُوۡا قَلِيۡلاً وَّلۡيَبۡكُوۡا كَثِيۡرًا​ ۚ جَزَآءًۢ بِمَا كَانُوۡا يَكۡسِبُوۡنَ‏  فَاِنۡ رَّجَعَكَ اللّٰهُ اِلٰى طَآئِفَةٍ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَاسۡتَـاْذَنُوۡكَ لِلۡخُرُوۡجِ فَقُلْ لَّنۡ تَخۡرُجُوۡا مَعِىَ اَبَدًا وَّلَنۡ تُقَاتِلُوۡا مَعِىَ عَدُوًّا​ ؕ اِنَّكُمۡ رَضِيۡتُمۡ بِالۡقُعُوۡدِ اَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقۡعُدُوۡا مَعَ الۡخٰلـِفِيۡنَ‏   وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلٰٓى اَحَدٍ مِّنۡهُمۡ مَّاتَ اَبَدًا وَّلَا تَقُمۡ عَلٰى قَبۡرِهٖ ؕ اِنَّهُمۡ كَفَرُوۡا بِاللّٰهِ وَرَسُوۡلِهٖ وَمَاتُوۡا وَهُمۡ فٰسِقُوۡنَ‏  وَلَا تُعۡجِبۡكَ اَمۡوَالُهُمۡ وَاَوۡلَادُهُمۡ​ؕ اِنَّمَا يُرِيۡدُ اللّٰهُ اَنۡ يُّعَذِّبَهُمۡ بِهَا فِى الدُّنۡيَا وَتَزۡهَقَ اَنۡفُسُهُمۡ وَهُمۡ كٰفِرُوۡنَ‏   وَاِذَاۤ اُنۡزِلَتۡ سُوۡرَةٌ اَنۡ اٰمِنُوۡا بِاللّٰهِ وَجَاهِدُوۡا مَعَ رَسُوۡلِهِ اسۡتَـاۡذَنَكَ اُولُوا الطَّوۡلِ مِنۡهُمۡ وَقَالُوۡا ذَرۡنَا نَكُنۡ مَّعَ الۡقٰعِدِيۡنَ‏   رَضُوۡا بِاَنۡ يَّكُوۡنُوۡا مَعَ الۡخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلٰى قُلُوۡبِهِمۡ فَهُمۡ لَا يَفۡقَهُوۡنَ‏  لٰـكِنِ الرَّسُوۡلُ وَالَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا مَعَهٗ جَاهَدُوۡا بِاَمۡوَالِهِمۡ وَاَنۡفُسِهِمۡ​ؕ وَاُولٰۤـئِكَ لَهُمُ الۡخَيۡـرٰتُ​ وَاُولٰۤـئِكَ هُمُ الۡمُفۡلِحُوۡنَ‏   اَعَدَّ اللّٰهُ لَهُمۡ جَنّٰتٍ تَجۡرِىۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِهَا الۡاَنۡهٰرُ خٰلِدِيۡنَ فِيۡهَا​ ؕ ذٰ لِكَ الۡـفَوۡزُ الۡعَظِيۡمُ‏ 
Translation
[9:81] Those who were allowed to stay behind rejoiced at remaining behind and not accompanying the Messenger of Allah. They were averse to striving in the Way of Allah with their belongings and their lives and told others: "Do not go forth in this fierce heat." Tell them: "The Hell is far fiercer in heat." Would that they understand! [9:82] Let them, then, laugh little, and weep much at the contemplation of the punishment for the evil they have committed. [9:83] Then if Allah brings you face to face with a party of them, and they ask your leave to go forth (to fight in the Way of Allah), tell them: "You shall not go forth with me, and shall never fight against any enemy along with me. You were well-pleased to remain at home the first time, so now continue to remain with those who have stayed behind." [9:84] Do not ever pray over any of them who dies, nor stand over his grave. They disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died in iniquity.88 [9:85] Let not their riches or their children excite your admiration. Through these Allah seeks to chastise them in this world, and that their lives will depart them while they are unbelievers. [9:86] And whenever any surah is revealed enjoining: "Believe in Allah and strive (in His Way) along with His Messenger," the affluent among them ask you to excuse them, saying: "Leave us with those who will sit back at home." [9:87] They were content to stay behind with the womenfolk. Their hearts were sealed, leaving them bereft of understanding.89 [9:88] But the Messenger and those who shared his faith strove with their belongings and their lives. It is they who shall have all kinds of good. It is they who shall prosper. [9:89] Allah has prepared for them Gardens beneath which rivers flow. There shall they abide. That is the supreme triumph.
Commentary

88. This verse was sent down to prevent the Prophet (peace be upon him) from saying funeral prayers for Abdullah bin Ubayy, the ringleader of the hypocrites, who died a short while after the Tabuk expedition. His son Abdullah who was a sincere Muslim called on the Prophet (peace be upon him) and requested him to give his shirt for his father’s shroud. The Prophet (peace be upon him) very generously granted his request. Then he begged the Prophet (peace be upon him) to lead his father’s funeral prayer. The Prophet (peace be upon him) agreed to this also but Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) very respectfully requested him repeatedly not to do so, saying, “O Prophet of Allah! will you say funeral prayer for a person who was guilty of such and such crimes and sins.” The Prophet (peace be upon him), who was a blessing both for friends and for foes, got ready to say funeral prayer even for that man who was a deadly enemy of Islam. At last when he stood up to lead the funeral prayer, this verse was sent down to prevent him from this by a direct command from God, in accordance with the changed policy declared in Ayat 73 which forbade to do anything that might encourage the hypocrites among the Muslims.

The above incident led to the formulation of the regulation that the leaders and prominent people from among the Muslims should neither lead, nor offer the funeral prayers of the sinners against Islam, or for those notorious for their disobedience to Islam. After this, whenever a request was made to the Prophet (peace be upon him) for a funeral prayer, he would first inquire about the conduct of the deceased person. If he came to know that he was a bad person, he would say to his people, “You may perform his burial just as you like”.

89. “They do not understand” for they deliberately and intentionally chose the shameful way of staying at home with women, when they were required to go forth for Jihad, though they were healthy, physically fit and well-to-do, and professed Islam. Therefore, according to the divine law of nature, a seal was set upon their hearts and they were bereft of those noble feelings which make one feel ashamed of adopting such a disgraceful conduct.