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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
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 Surah Fussilat 41:45-46 [6/6] ↕
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
وَلَقَدْAnd certainly,
ءَاتَيْنَاWe gave
مُوسَىMusa
ٱلْكِتَـٰبَthe Book,
فَٱخْتُلِفَbut disputes arose
فِيهِ‌ۗtherein.
وَلَوْلَاAnd had it not been
كَلِمَةٌ(for) a word
سَبَقَتْthat preceded
مِنfrom
رَّبِّكَyour Lord,
لَقُضِىَsurely, would have been settled
بَيْنَهُمْ‌ۚbetween them.
وَإِنَّهُمْBut indeed, they
لَفِىsurely (are) in
شَكٍّdoubt
مِّنْهُabout it
مُرِيبٍdisquieting.
﴿٤٥﴾
مَّنْWhoever
عَمِلَdoes
صَـٰلِحًاrighteous deeds
فَلِنَفْسِهِۦ‌ۖthen it is for his soul;
وَمَنْand whoever
أَسَآءَdoes evil,
فَعَلَيْهَا‌ۗthen it is against it.
وَمَاAnd not
رَبُّكَ(is) your Lord
بِظَلَّـٰمٍunjust
لِّلْعَبِيدِto His slaves.
﴿٤٦﴾

وَلَقَدۡ اٰتَيۡنَا مُوۡسَى الۡكِتٰبَ فَاخۡتُلِفَ فِيۡهِ​ؕ وَلَوۡلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتۡ مِنۡ رَّبِّكَ لَـقُضِىَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ​ؕ وَاِنَّهُمۡ لَفِىۡ شَكٍّ مِّنۡهُ مُرِيۡبٍ‏   مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَالِحًـا فَلِنَفۡسِهٖ​ وَمَنۡ اَسَآءَ فَعَلَيۡهَا​ؕ وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِّلۡعَبِيۡدِ‏ 
Translation
(41:45) And in the past We gave Moses the Book and yet it became an object of dispute.56 If your Lord's decree had not gone forth before, a decisive judgement would have been made among them, once and for all.57 Surely they are in a disquieting doubt about it.58 (41:46) Whoever does good, does so to his own benefit; and whoever does evil, will suffer its evil consequence. Your Lord does no wrong to His servants.59
Commentary

56. That is, some people had believed in it and some others had made up their minds to oppose it.

57. It has two meanings:

(1) If Allah had not already decreed that the people would be given enough respite for consideration the disputants would have long been destroyed.

(2) If Allah had not already decreed that the disputes would finally be decided on the Day of Judgment, the reality would have been made plain as to who is in the right and who is in the wrong.

58. In this brief sentence the spiritual disease of the disbelievers of Makkah has been clearly diagnosed. It says that they are involved in doubt about the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and this doubt has caused them great anguish and confusion. That is, although apparently they deny the Quran as being Allah’s Word and the Prophet (peace be upon him) as being His Messenger very vehemently, yet this denial is not based on any conviction, but their minds are afflicted with great vacillation, and doubt. On the one hand, their selfish motives, their interests and their prejudices demand that they should belie the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and oppose them strongly. On the other hand, their hearts are convened from within, that the Quran is, in fact, a unique and un-paralleled Word the like of which has never been heard from any literary man or poet. Neither can the insane utter such things in their madness, nor can devils come to teach God-worship, piety and righteousness to the people. Likewise, when they say that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is a liar, their heaps from within put them to shame, and ask: Can such a person ever be a liar? When they brand him a madman, their hearts cry out from within and ask: Do you really think that he is mad? When they accuse that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is not interested in the truth but is working for selfish motives, their hearts from within curse them and ask: Do you call this virtuous man selfish, whom you have never seen striving for the sake of wealth and power and fame, whose life has been free from every tract of selfinterest, who has always been working to bring about goodness and piety, but has never acted from any selfish motives.

59. That is, your Lord can never be so unjust as to let go to waste the good deeds of a good man and fail to punish the evil-doers for their evil.