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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
Introduction to Tafheem | Glossary | Verbs
Tafsirs: Maarif | Dawat | Ishraq | Clear

 Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:44-45 [7/16] ↕
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
إِنَّآIndeed,
أَنزَلْنَاWe revealed
ٱلتَّوْرَٮٰةَthe Taurat
فِيهَاin it
هُدًى(was) Guidance
وَنُورٌ‌ۚand light;
يَحْكُمُjudged
بِهَاby it
ٱلنَّبِيُّونَthe Prophets,
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
أَسْلَمُواْhad submitted (to Allah)
لِلَّذِينَfor those who
هَادُواْwere Jews,
وَٱلرَّبَّـٰنِيُّونَand the Rabbis,
وَٱلْأَحْبَارُand the scholars,
بِمَاwith what
ٱسْتُحْفِظُواْthey were entrusted
مِنof
كِتَـٰبِ(the) Book
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
وَكَانُواْand they were
عَلَيْهِto it
شُهَدَآءَ‌ۚwitnesses.
فَلَاSo (do) not
تَخْشَوُاْfear
ٱلنَّاسَthe people
وَٱخْشَوْنِbut fear Me,
وَلَاand (do) not
تَشْتَرُواْsell
بِـَٔـايَـٰتِىMy Verses
ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً‌ۚ(for) a little price.
وَمَنAnd whoever
لَّمْ(does) not
يَحْكُمjudge
بِمَآby what
أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُAllah has revealed,
فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَthen those
هُمُ[they]
ٱلْكَـٰفِرُونَ(are) the disbelievers.
﴿٤٤﴾
وَكَتَبْنَاAnd We ordained
عَلَيْهِمْfor them
فِيهَآin it
أَنَّthat -
ٱلنَّفْسَthe life
بِٱلنَّفْسِfor the life,
وَٱلْعَيْنَand the eye
بِٱلْعَيْنِfor the eye,
وَٱلْأَنفَand the nose
بِٱلْأَنفِfor the nose,
وَٱلْأُذُنَand the ear
بِٱلْأُذُنِfor the ear,
وَٱلسِّنَّand the tooth
بِٱلسِّنِّfor the tooth,
وَٱلْجُرُوحَand (for) wounds
قِصَاصٌ‌ۚ(is) retribution.
فَمَنBut whoever
تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦgives it (as) charity,
فَهُوَthen it is
كَفَّارَةٌan expiation
لَّهُۥ‌ۚfor him.
وَمَنAnd whoever
لَّمْ(does) not
يَحْكُمjudge
بِمَآby what
أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُAllah has revealed,
فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَthen those
هُمُ[they]
ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ(are) the wrongdoers.
﴿٤٥﴾

اِنَّاۤ اَنۡزَلۡنَا التَّوۡرٰٮةَ فِيۡهَا هُدًى وَّنُوۡرٌ​ ۚ يَحۡكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّوۡنَ الَّذِيۡنَ اَسۡلَمُوۡا لِلَّذِيۡنَ هَادُوۡا وَ الرَّبَّانِيُّوۡنَ وَالۡاَحۡبَارُ بِمَا اسۡتُحۡفِظُوۡا مِنۡ كِتٰبِ اللّٰهِ وَكَانُوۡا عَلَيۡهِ شُهَدَآءَ​​ ۚ فَلَا تَخۡشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخۡشَوۡنِ وَلَا تَشۡتَرُوۡا بِاٰيٰتِىۡ ثَمَنًا قَلِيۡلًا​ ؕ وَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَحۡكُمۡ بِمَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰهُ فَاُولٰٓـئِكَ هُمُ الۡكٰفِرُوۡنَ‏   وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيۡهَاۤ اَنَّ النَّفۡسَ بِالنَّفۡسِۙ وَالۡعَيۡنَ بِالۡعَيۡنِ وَالۡاَنۡفَ بِالۡاَنۡفِ وَالۡاُذُنَ بِالۡاُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّۙ وَالۡجُرُوۡحَ قِصَاصٌ​ؕ فَمَنۡ تَصَدَّقَ بِهٖ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَّهٗ ​ؕ وَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَحۡكُمۡ بِمَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰهُ فَاُولٰٓـئِكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوۡنَ‏ 
Translation
(5:44) Surely We revealed the Torah, wherein there is guidance and light. Thereby did Prophets - who had submitted themselves (to Allah) - judge for the Judaized folk;72 and so did the scholars and jurists.73 They judged by the Book of Allah for they had been entrusted to keep it, and bear witness to it. So (O Jews!) do not fear men but fear Me, and do not barter away My signs for a trivial gain. Those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed are indeed the unbelievers. (5:45) And therein We had ordained for them: 'A life for a life, and an eye for an eye, and a nose for a nose, and an ear for an ear, and a tooth for a tooth, and for all wounds, like for like.74 But whosoever forgoes it by way of charity, it will be for him an expiation.75 Those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed are indeed the wrong-doers.
Commentary

72.Here the verse tells the Jews that all the Prophets were muslims (submitters to God) whereas the Jews had deviated from islam (submission to God), and true to their chauvinistic sectarianism, were content with remaining merely 'Jews'.

73.Rabbani = religious scholars, theologians. Ahbar = religious jurists.

74. Cf. Exodus 21: 23-5.

75. Whoever forgoes his right of retaliation does a good deed which will atone for many of his sins. The same is confirmed by a tradition of the Prophet (peace be on him) in which he said: 'Whoever receives an injury on his body, then pardons (the inflictor of the injury), his sins are atoned for to the measure of his pardoning.' (Ahmad b. Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 5, pp. 316, 329 - Ed.)