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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
Introduction to Tafheem | Glossary | Verbs
Tafsirs: Maarif | Dawat | Ishraq | Clear

 Surah At-Tawbah 9:43-48 [7/16] ↕
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
عَفَا ٱللَّهُ(May) Allah forgive
عَنكَyou!
لِمَWhy (did)
أَذِنتَyou grant leave
لَهُمْto them
حَتَّىٰuntil
يَتَبَيَّنَ(became) evident
لَكَto you
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
صَدَقُواْwere truthful,
وَتَعْلَمَand you knew
ٱلْكَـٰذِبِينَthe liars?
﴿٤٣﴾
لَا يَسْتَــْٔذِنُكَ(Would) not ask your permission
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
يُؤْمِنُونَbelieve
بِٱللَّهِin Allah
وَٱلْيَوْمِand the Day
ٱلْأَخِرِthe Last
أَنthat
يُجَـٰهِدُواْthey strive
بِأَمْوَٲلِهِمْwith their wealth
وَأَنفُسِهِمْ‌ۗand their lives.
وَٱللَّهُAnd Allah
عَلِيمُۢ(is) All-Knower
بِٱلْمُتَّقِينَof the righteous.
﴿٤٤﴾
إِنَّمَاOnly
يَسْتَــْٔذِنُكَask your leave
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
لَا(do) not
يُؤْمِنُونَbelieve
بِٱللَّهِin Allah
وَٱلْيَوْمِand the Day
ٱلْأَخِرِthe Last,
وَٱرْتَابَتْand (are in) doubts
قُلُوبُهُمْtheir hearts,
فَهُمْso they
فِىin
رَيْبِهِمْtheir doubts
يَتَرَدَّدُونَthey waver.
﴿٤٥﴾
۞ وَلَوْAnd if
أَرَادُواْthey had wished
ٱلْخُرُوجَ(to) go forth,
لَأَعَدُّواْsurely they (would) have prepared
لَهُۥfor it
عُدَّةً(some) preparation.
وَلَـٰكِنBut
كَرِهَ ٱللَّهُAllah disliked
ٱنۢبِعَاثَهُمْtheir being sent,
فَثَبَّطَهُمْso He made them lag behind
وَقِيلَand it was said,
ٱقْعُدُواْ`Sit
مَعَwith
ٱلْقَـٰعِدِينَthose who sit.`
﴿٤٦﴾
لَوْIf
خَرَجُواْthey (had) gone forth
فِيكُمwith you,
مَّاnot
زَادُوكُمْthey (would) have increased you
إِلَّاexcept
خَبَالاً(in) confusion
وَلَأَوْضَعُواْand would have been active
خِلَـٰلَكُمْin your midst
يَبْغُونَكُمُseeking (for) you
ٱلْفِتْنَةَdissension.
وَفِيكُمْAnd among you (are some)
سَمَّـٰعُونَwho would have listened
لَهُمْ‌ۗto them.
وَٱللَّهُAnd Allah
عَلِيمُۢ(is) All-Knower,
بِٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَof the wrongdoers.
﴿٤٧﴾
لَقَدِVerily,
ٱبْتَغَوُاْthey had sought
ٱلْفِتْنَةَdissension
مِن قَبْلُbefore
وَقَلَّبُواْand had upset
لَكَfor you
ٱلْأُمُورَthe matters
حَتَّىٰuntil
جَآءَcame
ٱلْحَقُّthe truth
وَظَهَرَand became manifest
أَمْرُ ٱللَّهِ(the) Order of Allah,
وَهُمْwhile they
كَـٰرِهُونَdisliked (it).
﴿٤٨﴾

عَفَا اللّٰهُ عَنۡكَ​ۚ لِمَ اَذِنۡتَ لَهُمۡ حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِيۡنَ صَدَقُوۡا وَتَعۡلَمَ الۡـكٰذِبِيۡنَ‏  لَا يَسۡتَـاۡذِنُكَ الَّذِيۡنَ يُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ اَنۡ يُّجَاهِدُوۡا بِاَمۡوَالِهِمۡ وَاَنۡفُسِهِمۡ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَلِيۡمٌۢ بِالۡمُتَّقِيۡنَ‏   اِنَّمَا يَسۡتَاْذِنُكَ الَّذِيۡنَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ وَارۡتَابَتۡ قُلُوۡبُهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىۡ رَيۡبِهِمۡ يَتَرَدَّدُوۡنَ‏  وَلَوۡ اَرَادُوۡا الۡخُـرُوۡجَ لَاَعَدُّوۡا لَهٗ عُدَّةً وَّلٰـكِنۡ كَرِهَ اللّٰهُ انۢبِعَاثَهُمۡ فَثَبَّطَهُمۡ وَقِيۡلَ اقۡعُدُوۡا مَعَ الۡقٰعِدِيۡنَ‏  لَوۡ خَرَجُوۡا فِيۡكُمۡ مَّا زَادُوۡكُمۡ اِلَّا خَبَالًا وَّلَاْاَوۡضَعُوۡا خِلٰلَـكُمۡ يَـبۡغُوۡنَـكُمُ الۡفِتۡنَةَ ۚ وَفِيۡكُمۡ سَمّٰعُوۡنَ لَهُمۡ​ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَلِيۡمٌۢ بِالظّٰلِمِيۡنَ‏  لَـقَدِ ابۡتَغَوُا الۡفِتۡنَةَ مِنۡ قَبۡلُ وَقَلَّبُوۡا لَكَ الۡاُمُوۡرَ حَتّٰى جَآءَ الۡحَـقُّ وَظَهَرَ اَمۡرُ اللّٰهِ وَهُمۡ كٰرِهُوۡنَ‏ 
Translation
[9:43] (O Prophet), may Allah forgive you! Why did you give them leave to stay behind before it became clear to you as to who were truthful and who were liars?45 [9:44] Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day will never ask your leave to be excused from striving (in the cause of Allah) with their belongings and their lives. Allah fully knows the God-fearing. [9:45] It is only those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts are filled with doubt that seek exemption from striving (in the cause of Allah). They keep tossing to and fro in their doubt.46 [9:46] Had they truly intended to march forth to fight, they would have certainly made some preparation for it. But Allah was averse to their going forth, so He made them lag behind,47 and they were told: "Stay behind with those that are staying behind." [9:47] Had they gone forth with you, they would have only added to your trouble, and would have run about in your midst seeking to stir up sedition among you, whereas there are among you some who are prone to lend ears to them. Allah knows well the wrong-doers. [9:48] Surely they sought even earlier to stir up sedition, and turned things upside down to frustrate you until the Truth came and the decree of Allah appeared, however hateful this may have been to them.
Commentary

45. Allah did not approve of the exemption which the Prophet (peace be upon him) had granted to the hypocrites who had put forward lame excuses. Though he knew it well that they were inventing false excuses, he gave them leave to stay behind because of his inherent kindness. But Allah warned him that such a leniency was not well placed as he gave them an opportunity of hiding their hypocrisy. Had they remained behind without getting an exemption, the false profession of their faith would have been exposed.

46. This verse shows clearly that the conflict between Islam and kufr is the criterion to distinguish between a true believer and a hypocrite. The one who supports Islam in this conflict with the whole of his heart and expends all of his energies and resources in order to make it victorious and does not hesitate in the least to make any sacrifices for this purpose, is a true believer. On the contrary, the one who hesitates to support Islam in this conflict and refrains from making sacrifices in its way, when he confronts the threat of the victory of kufr, is a hypocrite, for such an attitude is itself a proof of the fact that there is no faith in his heart.

47. Allah held them back for He did not like that they should join Jihad unwillingly without any sincere intention for it. As they had no mind to make sacrifices to exalt the cause of Islam, and, therefore, would have taken part in it half-heartedly to escape the taunts of the Muslims or to create mischief. This would have resulted in a greater evil, as has been stated explicitly in the next verse 48.