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وهو فعل وقول ما لا مصلحة فيه بمشقةقال الله تعالى : ﴿ قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ ﴾ [ ص (86) ] . يقول تعالى لنبيّه : قُلْ يَا محمد لهؤلاء المشركين ﴿ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ ﴾ على هذا البلاغ ، وهذا النصح أجرًا تعطونيه من أموالكم . ﴿ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ ﴾ ، أي : ما أزيد على ما أرسلني الله به ، ﴿ وَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ لأُنذِرَكُم بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ ﴾ [ الأنعام (19) ] .
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Say (O Muhammad (PBUH)): 'No wage do I ask of you for this (the Qur'an), nor am I one of the Mutakallifun (those who pretend and fabricate things which do not exist)."' (38:86)
[1655] وعن عمر قال : نُهِينَا عَنِ التَّكَلُّفِ . رواه البخاري . التكلف : كل فعل أو قول لا مصلحة فيه ، وهو مضر بالعقل أو البدن ، أو الدِّين .
1655. 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: We have been forbidden to go into excess.
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: Affectation and artificiality are also different forms of formality which some people exercise in their speech, dress and manners. To make unusual effort in hospitality and preparation of several dishes for meals also come in the category of formality which is greatly disliked. Unfortunately, present-day Muslims have made it a habit to spend lavishly on these extravagances. May Allah grant us guidance to adhere to the religious injunctions in all matters of life.
[1656] وعن مسروقٍ ، قال : دَخَلْنَا على عبدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسعُودٍ فقال : يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، مَنْ عَلِمَ شَيْئاً فَلْيَقُلْ بِهِ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ، فَلْيَقُلْ : اللهُ أعْلَمُ ، فَإنَّ مِنَ العِلْمِ أَنْ يَقُولَ لِمَا لا يَعْلَمُ : اللهُ أعْلَمُ . قالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ : ﴿ قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ ﴾ [ ص (86) ] . رواه البخاري . قال الحافظ : وقوله : « إن من العلم أنْ يقول لما لا يعلم : الله أعلم » ، أي : أن تمييز المعلوم من المجهول نوع من العلم ، وهذا مناسب لما اشتهر من أن القول فيما لا يعلم ، قسم من التكلف .
1656. Masruq (May Allah be pleased with him) said: We visited 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (May Allah be pleased with him) and he said to us: O people! He who has the knowledge of any matter may convey it to the others. And he who has no knowledge, thereof, should say: "Allahu a'lam (Allah knows better)." It is a part and parcel of knowledge that a man who has no knowledge of a matter should say: "Allah knows better." Allah said to His Prophet (PBUH):
"Say (O Muhammad (PBUH)): 'No wage do I ask of you for this (the Qur'an), nor am I one of the Mutakallifun (those who pretend and fabricate things which do not exist)."' (38:86)
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: If one does not know about something, he should not say anything about it by way of conjecture, speculation and guesswork because this is also pretension which is forbidden. When religious scholars are asked about anything which they do not know, they should confess their ignorance. Such a confession is also a mark of scholarship. In other words, they should abstain from giving verdict about any matter without making a thorough study and research on it.