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Towards Understanding the Quran
With kind permission: Islamic Foundation UK
Introduction to Tafheem | Glossary | Verbs
Tafsirs: Maarif | Dawat | Ishraq | Clear

 Surah Al-Kahf 18:54-59 [8/12] ↕
  
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Verse Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
وَلَقَدْAnd certainly,
صَرَّفْنَاWe have explained
فِىin
هَـٰذَاthis
ٱلْقُرْءَانِthe Quran
لِلنَّاسِfor mankind
مِنof
كُلِّevery
مَثَلٍ‌ۚexample.
وَكَانَBut is
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُthe man
أَكْثَرَ(in) most
شَىْءٍthings
جَدَلاًquarrelsome.
﴿٥٤﴾
وَمَاAnd nothing
مَنَعَprevents
ٱلنَّاسَmen
أَنthat
يُؤْمِنُوٓاْthey believe
إِذْwhen
جَآءَهُمُhas come to them
ٱلْهُدَىٰthe guidance
وَيَسْتَغْفِرُواْand they ask forgiveness
رَبَّهُمْ(of) their Lord,
إِلَّآexcept
أَنthat
تَأْتِيَهُمْcomes to them
سُنَّةُ(the) way
ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ(of) the former (people)
أَوْor
يَأْتِيَهُمُcomes to them
ٱلْعَذَابُthe punishment
قُبُلاًbefore (them)?
﴿٥٥﴾
وَمَاAnd not
نُرْسِلُWe send
ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَthe Messengers
إِلَّاexcept
مُبَشِّرِينَ(as) bearers of glad tidings
وَمُنذِرِينَ‌ۚand (as) warners.
وَيُجَـٰدِلُAnd dispute
ٱلَّذِينَthose who
كَفَرُواْdisbelieve
بِٱلْبَـٰطِلِwith falsehood,
لِيُدْحِضُواْto refute
بِهِthereby
ٱلْحَقَّ‌ۖthe truth.
وَٱتَّخَذُوٓاْAnd they take
ءَايَـٰتِىMy Verses
وَمَآand what
أُنذِرُواْthey are warned
هُزُوًا(in) ridicule.
﴿٥٦﴾
وَمَنْAnd who
أَظْلَمُ(is) more wrong
مِمَّنthan (he) who
ذُكِّرَis reminded
بِـَٔـايَـٰتِof the Verses
رَبِّهِۦ(of) his Lord,
فَأَعْرَضَbut turns away
عَنْهَاfrom them,
وَنَسِىَand forgets
مَاwhat
قَدَّمَتْhave sent forth
يَدَاهُ‌ۚhis hands?
إِنَّاIndeed, We
جَعَلْنَا[We] have placed
عَلَىٰover
قُلُوبِهِمْtheir hearts
أَكِنَّةًcoverings,
أَنlest
يَفْقَهُوهُthey understand it
وَفِىٓand in
ءَاذَانِهِمْtheir ears
وَقْرًا‌ۖ(is) deafness.
وَإِنAnd if
تَدْعُهُمْyou call them
إِلَىto
ٱلْهُدَىٰthe guidance,
فَلَنthen never
يَهْتَدُوٓاْthey will be guided
إِذًاthen
أَبَدًاever.
﴿٥٧﴾
وَرَبُّكَAnd your Lord
ٱلْغَفُورُ(is) the Most Forgiving,
ذُوOwner
ٱلرَّحْمَةِ‌ۖ(of) the Mercy.
لَوْIf
يُؤَاخِذُهُمHe were to seize them
بِمَاfor what
كَسَبُواْthey have earned,
لَعَجَّلَsurely, He (would) have hastened
لَهُمُfor them
ٱلْعَذَابَ‌ۚthe punishment.
بَلBut
لَّهُمfor them
مَّوْعِدٌ(is) an appointment,
لَّنnever
يَجِدُواْthey will find
مِن دُونِهِۦother than it
مَوْئِلاًan escape.
﴿٥٨﴾
وَتِلْكَAnd these
ٱلْقُرَىٰٓ[the] towns,
أَهْلَكْنَـٰهُمْWe destroyed them
لَمَّاwhen
ظَلَمُواْthey wronged,
وَجَعَلْنَاand We made
لِمَهْلِكِهِمfor their destruction
مَّوْعِدًاan appointed time.
﴿٥٩﴾

وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِىۡ هٰذَا الۡقُرۡاٰنِ لِلنَّاسِ مِنۡ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ​ ؕ وَكَانَ الۡاِنۡسَانُ اَكۡثَرَ شَىۡءٍ جَدَلًا‏  وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ اَنۡ يُّؤۡمِنُوۡۤا اِذۡ جَآءَهُمُ الۡهُدٰى وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُوۡا رَبَّهُمۡ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ تَاۡتِيَهُمۡ سُنَّةُ الۡاَوَّلِيۡنَ اَوۡ يَاۡتِيَهُمُ الۡعَذَابُ قُبُلًا‏  وَمَا نُرۡسِلُ الۡمُرۡسَلِيۡنَ اِلَّا مُبَشِّرِيۡنَ وَمُنۡذِرِيۡنَ​ ۚ وَيُجَادِلُ الَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡا بِالۡبَاطِلِ لِـيُدۡحِضُوۡا بِهِ الۡحَـقَّ​ وَاتَّخَذُوۡۤا اٰيٰتِىۡ وَمَاۤ اُنۡذِرُوۡا هُزُوًا‏  وَمَنۡ اَظۡلَمُ مِمَّنۡ ذُكِّرَ بِاٰيٰتِ رَبِّهٖ فَاَعۡرَضَ عَنۡهَا وَنَسِىَ مَا قَدَّمَتۡ يَدٰهُ​ ؕ اِنَّا جَعَلۡنَا عَلٰى قُلُوۡبِهِمۡ اَكِنَّةً اَنۡ يَّفۡقَهُوۡهُ وَفِىۡۤ اٰذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرًا​ ؕ وَاِنۡ تَدۡعُهُمۡ اِلَى الۡهُدٰى فَلَنۡ يَّهۡتَدُوۡۤا اِذًا اَبَدًا‏  وَرَبُّكَ الۡغَفُوۡرُ ذُوۡ الرَّحۡمَةِ​ ؕ لَوۡ يُؤَاخِذُهُمۡ بِمَا كَسَبُوۡا لَعَجَّلَ لَهُمُ الۡعَذَابَ​ ؕ بَلْ لَّهُمۡ مَّوۡعِدٌ لَّنۡ يَّجِدُوۡا مِنۡ دُوۡنِهٖ مَوۡـئِلًا‏  وَتِلۡكَ الۡقُرٰٓى اَهۡلَكۡنٰهُمۡ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوۡا وَجَعَلۡنَا لِمَهۡلِكِهِمۡ مَّوۡعِدًا‏ 
Translation
(18:54) And surely We have explained matters to people in the Qur'an in diverse ways, using all manner of parables. But man is exceedingly contentious. (18:55) What is it that prevented mankind from believing when the guidance came to them, and from asking forgiveness of their Lord, except that they would like to be treated as the nations of yore, or that they would like to see the scourge come upon them face to face?52 (18:56) We raise Messengers only to give good news and to warn.53 But the unbelievers resort to falsehood in order to rebut the truth with it, and scoff at My revelations and My warnings. (18:57) Who is more wicked than the man who, when he is reminded by the revelations of his Lord, turns away from them and forgets (the consequence of) the deeds wrought by his own hands? We have laid veils over their hearts lest they understand the message of the Qur'an, and We have caused heaviness in their ears. Call them as you may to the Right Path, they will not be ever guided aright.54 (18:58) Your Lord is All-Forgiving, full of mercy. Had He wished to take them to task for their doings, He would have hastened in sending His scourge upon them. But He has set for them a time-limit which they cannot evade.55 (18:59) All the townships afflicted with scourge are before your eyes.56 When they committed wrong, We destroyed them. For the destruction of each We had set a definite term.
Commentary

52. This is to warn the people that the Quran has left no stone unturned in making the truth plain. It has employed all kinds of arguments, parables, similitude and used all the possible effective ways to appeal to the heart and the mind of man, and adopted the best possible style. If, in spite of this, they do not accept the truth, it is obvious that they are waiting for God’s scourge like the one that visited the former communities to make them realize their error.

53. This verse has two meanings.

(1) We send Our Messengers to forewarn the people before the coming of the judgment of the good results of obedience and the evil consequences of disobedience. But these foolish people are not taking advantage of these forewarnings and insist on seeing the same evil end from which the Messengers desire to save them.

(2) If they insist on meeting with the scourge, they should not demand this from the Messenger because the Messenger is sent not to bring a scourge but to warn the people beforehand to escape from it.

54. Allah puts a covering over the heart of a person and makes his ears hard of hearing the truth when he adopts the attitude of contention, dispute, wrangling and argumentation towards the admonition of a well wisher and tries to defeat the truth with the weapons of falsehood and cunning. Naturally this attitude produces in him obduracy and obstinacy so that he turns a deaf ear towards guidance, and is unwilling to realize his error before seeing his evil end. For such people pay no heed to admonition and warning and insist on falling into the abyss of perdition: then and then alone they are convinced that it was perdition towards which they were rushing headlong.

55. This is to warn the foolish people that they should not be deluded by the respite that is given to them and presume that they will never be taken to task whatever they may go on doing. They forget that Allah gives them respite because He is Forgiving and Forbearing and does not punish the evil doers on the spot, for His Mercy demands that the evil doers should be given respite so that they may mend their ways.

56. The ruined habitations were of Saba, Thamud, Midian and the people of Prophet Lot, which were visited by the Quraish during their trade journeys, and which were quite well known to other Arabs also.