122. What is the `word’ that has preceded? Ibn Kathir answers: It is the rule set by Our Lord that He shall not punish any nation before it has been warned.

123. What would have become necessary? The answer is, ‘punishment.’

124. “Aana’” is the plural of “’ini” meaning, some or few. But which part of the night? According to Ibn `Abbas, the allusion is to whole of the night. (To remind, the term “aana’” is in plural). Another of his opinion is that the allusion is to the middle of the night. Hasan said the allusion by “aana’”, is to the beginning, the middle and the end (Ibn Jarir).

125. The textual word “atraf” is the plural of “taraf”. It is not in the dual form “tarafayn” which would mean the two ends. So, what are the “atraf?” Ibn Jarir writes that according to some scholars the allusion could be both to morning and evening as well as mid-day, which is a “taraf” of the first half of the day. Yusuf Ali has a brilliant remark: “Taraf, plural atraf, may mean sides, ends, extremities. If the day be compared to a tubular figure standing erect, the top and bottom are clearly marked, but the sides are not so clearly marked: they would be atraf (plural), not tarafain (dual). Now the prayer before sunrise is clearly Fajr; that before sunset is `Asr: ‘part of the hours of the night’ would indicate Maghrib (early night, just after sunset), and ‘Isha, before going to bed. There is left Zuhr, which is in the indefinite side or middle of the day: it may be soon after the sun’s decline from noon, but there is considerable latitude about the precise hour. The majority of Commentators interpret in favor of the five Canonical prayers, and some include optional prayers. But I think the words are even more comprehensive. A good man’s life is all one sweet Song of Praise to Allah.”

126. According to some reports the Prophet sought some food stuff on loan from a Jew. He refused except on mortgage. That mortified the Prophet and Allah (swt) revealed this verse (Ibn Jarir).

The verse is the basis of a Sufi principle viz., stay away from those who are engaged in other than Allah (Thanwi).

127. It is reported that whenever `Urwah (ibn Zubayr) saw wealth in the hands of some people he would go home and tell his homefolk, “Prayers, O my people, Prayers. May Allah show you mercy” (Ibn Jarir). Thabit has said, add Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir, and others, that whenever Prophets of the past faced hard times, they turned to Prayers.

128. Asad comments: “.. (Razi wrote) ‘God makes it clear that He has enjoined this [i.e., prayer] upon men for their own benefit alone, inasmuch as He Himself is sublimely exalted above any [need of] benefit.’ In other words, prayer must not be conceived as a kind of tribute to a ‘jealous God’ – as the Old Testament, in its present corrupted form, frequently describes Him – but solely as a spiritual benefit for the person who prays.”

Our own Prophet has said in a hadith of Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah:

يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ تَفَرَّغْ لِعِبَادَتِي أَمْلَأْ صَدْرَكَ غِنًى وَأَسُدَّ فَقْرَكَ وَإِلَّا تَفْعَلْ مَلَأْتُ صَدْرَكَ شُغْلًا وَلَمْ أَسُدَّ فَقْرَكَ

“Son of Adam. Free yourself for My worship, I shall fill your heart with contentment and shall block your poverty. But if you do not, I shall fill your heart with multiple affairs and shall not block your poverty.” (That is, “fear of poverty will keep goading you on and on to more and more hard work: Ma`arif).

Shu`ayb Arna’ut said the report is Hasan, Albani that it is Sahih, and Tirmidhi himself declared it Hasan Gharib (Au.).

Ibn Majah has another tradition. The Prophet said,

مَنْ جَعَلَ الْهُمُومَ هَمًّا وَاحِدًا هَمَّ الْمَعَادِ كَفَاهُ اللَّهُ هَمَّ دُنْيَاهُ وَمَنْ تَشَعَّبَتْ بِهِ الْهُمُومُ فِي أَحْوَالِ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يُبَالِ اللَّهُ فِي أَيِّ أَوْدِيَتِهِ هَلَكَ

“Whoever chose a single concern for himself out of several – that of the Hereafter – Allah will suffice for him this world’s concerns. In contrast, he whose several concerns are of this-worldly nature, Allah does not care in which valley of His he dies.”

Albani declared the above report Hasan (Au.).

And a third tradition, also in Ibn Majah says,

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَذَكَرَهُ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:مَنْ كَانَتِ الآخِرَةُ هَمَّهُ، جَمَعَ اللَّهُ لَهُ شَمْلَهُ، وَجَعَلَ غِنَاهُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَأَتَتْهُ الدُّنْيَا وَهِيَ رَاغِمَةٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَتِ الدُّنْيَا هَمَّهُ، فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ شَمْلَهُ، وَجَعَلَ فَقْرَهُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يُؤْتِهِ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلا مَا كُتِبَ.

Ibn `Abbas reports that the Prophet addressed us in the Khayf Mosque, saying, after praises to Allah: “Whoever has the Hereafter as his concern, Allah organizes his affairs for him and contentment is placed in his heart, while the world comes to him subdued. In contrast, whoever

treats this world as his main concern, Allah scatters his affairs and places his poverty before his eyes, although, of the world nothing comes to him but that which is in his fate” (Ibn Kathir).

Haythamiyy treated this report as Sahih (Au.).

129. What constitutes the “good end?” Ibn Kathir answers it as Paradise. A Sahih tradition (of Muslim: Au.) says,

رَأَيْتُ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ كَأَنَّا فِى دَارِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ فَأُتِينَا بِرُطَبٍ مِنْ رُطَبِ ابْنِ طَابٍ فَأَوَّلْتُ الرِّفْعَةَ لَنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا وَالْعَاقِبَةَ فِى الآخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ دِينَنَا قَدْ طَابَ

“Last night I saw in a vision that we are in the house of ‘Uqbah b. Rafe` and that we are being presented with fresh Ibn Taab dates. I interpreted it to mean that the final outcome will be a lofty position in this world, the success in the Hereafter, and that our religion is Good.”

130. Asad remarks, “I.e., ‘Does not the Qur’an express the same fundamental truths as were expressed in the revelations granted to the earlier prophets?’ Beyond this, the above rhetorical question contains an allusion to the predictions of the advent of Muhammad to be found in earlier scriptures, e.g., in Deuteronomy xviii, 15 and 18 .. or in John xiv, 16, xv, 26 and xvi, 7, where Jesus speaks of the ‘Comforter’ who is to come after him.”

131. The personal pronoun in “qablihi” can either be for the Prophet, for the Message he brought, or for the warning of destruction the rejecters were given.

132. Abu Sa`id al-Khudri reports the Prophet (saws) as having said,

يَحْتَجُّ عَلى اللهِ يَوْمَ القيامَةِ ثَلاثَةٌ: الهَالِكُ فِي الفَتْرَةِ، والمَغْلُوبُ على عَقْلِه، والصَّبيُّ الصَّغيرُ، فَيَقُولُ المَغْلُوبُ عَلى عَقْلِهِ: لَمْ تَجْعَلْ لي عَقْلا أنْتَفِع بِهِ، وَيَقُولُ الهَالِكُ فِي الفتْرَةِ: لَمْ يأْتِني رَسُولٌ وَلا نَبيٌّ، ولَوْ أتانِي لَكَ رَسُولٌ أوْ نَبيّ لكُنْتُ أطْوَعَ خَلْقِكَ لَكَ وقرأ:( لَوْلا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولا ) ويَقُولُ الصَّبِيُّ الصَّغِيرُ: كَنْتُ صَغِيرًا لا أعْقِلُ قال: فَتُرْفَعُ لَهُمْ نارٌ وَيُقالُ لَهُمْ: رِدُوها قال: فَيرِدُها مَنْ كَانَ فِي علْمِ اللهِ أنَّه سَعيدٌ، وَيَتَلَكَّأُ عَنْها مَنْ كانَ فِي عِلْمِ اللهِ أنَّهُ شَقِيّ، فَيَقُولُ: إيَّايَ عَصَيْتُمْ، فَكَيْفَ بِرُسُلي لَوْ أتَتْكُمْ؟

“Three classes of men will contend with Allah (over their fate): those who died in a Prophet-less period (fatrah), the insane and children. The insane will say, ‘You never gave me enough intelligence to be able to comprehend.’ The man of Prophet-less period will say, ‘No Messenger came to me, nor a Prophet. Had a Messenger or a Prophet come to me, I would have been the most obedient of Your slaves.’ (The Prophet recited, ‘Only if You had sent us a Messenger?’) The child will say, ‘I was little, unable to use my mind.’ So the Fire will be brought forward and they will be ordered to walk into it. Now, he who would be the lucky one in Allah’s knowledge will walk in. But he who would be of the wretched ones in Allah’s knowledge will withhold himself. Allah will say, ‘You have disobeyed Me. So, how do you think you would have behaved if a Messenger had been sent to you?’” (Ibn Jarir, Ibn Kathir).

The authenticity of the above version could not be established (Au.).

133. Muhammad Asad points to a human fault: “I.e., human nature is such that no man, whatever his persuasion or condition, can never cease to hope that the way of life chosen by him will prove to have been the right way.”