81. Quoting a poetical piece of Imra `l Qays, Alusi points out that the textual word Aasarr is one of those words of the Arabic language that opposite meanings. In the present context, the word can yield both the meanings: Athey will conceal as well as, Athey will reveal. To explain, while the common unbelievers will betray their remorse, their artful leaders, being already recognized by their followers, will try to conceal it.

82. Although the textual word is Asudoor (sing, sadr, breast) the intended meaning is the hearts. Imam Raghib Asfahani has discussed the issue of hearts and breasts in the following manner: Whenever Allah used the word Aqalb (heart) in the Qur'an, the allusion is to knowledge or intellect. Some have believed that it is also used in the sense of the soul. Allah said (50: 37),

إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَذِكْرَى لِمَن كَانَ لَهُ قَلْبٌ

ASurely, in this is a reminder for him who has a heart , i.e., he who has knowledge.

Or, (9: 87),

وَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ

AAnd their hearts have been sealed, so they do not understand. That is, their minds have been sealed.

Or, Allah said (33: 10),

وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ

AAnd (when) the hearts will reach the throats. That is, their souls reached the throats (out of fear). In contrast, when He used the term Asadr He alluded not only to knowledge and intellect, but also to the emotive powers such as love, hatred, anger, etc. The present verse is an example of this usage. The Qur'an is a cure for these ailments of the heart.

Rashid Rida adds: Intellect is the judicial power that differentiates and distinguishes between right and wrong, good and bad, beneficial or harmful, etc. In contrast, the ailments of the heart and the breast comprise of faith, doubt, hypocrisy, envy, hatred, evil intentions, etc. (paraphrased).

Some scholars have said that just as it is a cure for the hearts, the Qur'an is also a cure for the body. But Hasan al Busri has denied such a possibility since Allah said (, Aa cure for the hearts and not Afor the body. Those who believe otherwise quote the following hadith of Ibn Marduwayh. Abu Sa`id al Khudri reports that a man came to the Prophet complaining of pain in his chest. The Prophet told him, ARecite the Qur'an for it is a cure for the hearts. Another report in Bayhaqi's Sho`ab al Iman says that a man complained of pain in his throat. The Prophet told him also to recite the Qur'an (and eat some honey). [The hadith is weak: Manar]. After reporting the above ahadith Alusi notes that both the ahadith can be interpreted to mean differently from the apparent meaning. For, in the first case, it can be said that the treatment suggested was psychological, while in the second case it was simply a way of clearing the throat. Nonetheless, Alusi's personal opinion is that the Qur'an could be a cure for bodily ailments, although the verse under discussion does not support such a meaning.

Curing certain diseases with the help of surah al Fatehah, adds Rashid Rida, if recited by one of strong faith, free of doubt and cynicism, is possible, although, this too cannot be substantiated with the present verse.

However, Ibn Kathir himself states that he cured his asthma with a passage of the Qur’an. Further, there is no difference in opinion among the scholars that the Qur’an is a cure for physical ailments and disturbances caused by magic. See note 118 below (Au.).

Thanwi points out that the verse demonstrates that there are diseases of the heart that are more serious than those of the body.

83. The textual term for rejoice, Afarh is used for over joyousness and is normally disapproved of. (It also bears an element of boastfulness: Au.). Allah said in reference to Qarun (28: 76),

لا تَفْرَحْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَرِحِينَ

ADo not indulge in over joyousness. Allah does not approve of the over joyous.

He said at another place (57: 23),

لِكَيْلَا تَأْسَوْا عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا آتَاكُمْ

ASo that you might not despair over what missed you and not be over joyous over what He gave you.

84. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Hasan have said, apart from some others, that the words Agrace, and Amercy allude to Islam and the Qur'an (Ibn Jarir).

Ibn Kathir adds: When the `Iraqi tribute arrived at Madinah, `Umar came out counting the camels, but gave up because of the huge numbers. One of his slaves remarked, AThis is by Allah's grace and mercy. `Umar reacted, AYou have lied. Allah has said in reference to the Revelation (and not in reference to worldly goods), '(This is) by Allah's grace and mercy. In this let them rejoice. It is better than what they amass.' Indeed, this exactly is what they (the people like to) amass (i.e., worldly things).

Sayyid comments: AThe primary theme of the social model that this religion creates is that of freedom of man from the servility to man which is replaced with servility to Allah. With this change in the basic theme of life which serves as the basis to further work upon. In this manner, man's ideals, morals and values are elevated, in turn freeing his whole life from subservience to other humans.

AIt is after this that come the worldly things and material possessions. As it happened with the very first generation of Muslims, when the pagan ways were swept away; they took hold of the keys to Allah's power on the earth, and, in consequence, drove the people to Allah in order that they could also receive His mercy.

AIn contrast, those who concentrate on material values and material productions, unmindful of this basic principle, they indeed are the enemies of mankind. They do not wish that man should ever rise above the animals, and should never want anything beyond the subsistence of the animals.

ATheir invitation to adopt a life of their design is not guileless. Whatever they claim outwardly, it is in truth indirectly aimed at the destruction of any belief and every such value that stands in their way of material progress. They alter the objectives of life of the people who come under their influence: from the soul lifting values to mere search for food, shelter and sex – in the same order as the animals do.

AThe continuous cry that is heard about material values and increased productions is simply to overcome people's resistance, and alter their ideas and ideals so that they can be transformed to function as cogs in the machines, those that have forgotten all about soul lifting ideals. The incessant cries of higher and higher production, is to shout down every cry of the soul, give the people new ideals and use those ideals to achieve higher material production. This call then is not a guileless call. It is a firm step towards the replacement of devotion to stone idols of the pagan days with contemporary material idols.

AOnce the incessant cry for increase in material production acquires the status of an idol, the people begin to toil for them and circumambulate around them. Every other value of life is then disregarded and destroyed if it comes in the way: morality, family, honor, freedom just about everything. Anything that stands against it deserves to be destroyed. The new idols are not made of wood or stones. They are the new material values, slogans, catch words, icons and symbols.

85. The reference of course is to the pagan practice (continued down to this age, even by Muslims) of arbitrarily declaring Allah's lawful as unlawful and His unlawful as lawful. The Prophet (saws) illustrated this attitude in a hadith of Ahmad when he saw `Awf b. Malik's father in a shabby state. He asked him,

هَلْ لَكَ مَالٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ مِنْ أَيِّ الْمَالِ قَالَ قُلْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ الْمَالِ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ وَالرَّقِيقِ وَالْخَيْلِ وَالْغَنَمِ فَقَالَ إِذَا آتَاكَ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَلْيُرَ عَلَيْكَ

ADo you have any wealth? The man said, AYes. He asked, AWhat sort of wealth? He replied, AOf all sorts: Camels, slaves, horses, sheep. The Prophet said, AWhen Allah bestows a blessing on you, then, let it be seen on you.

He further added,

ثُمَّ قَالَ هَلْ تُنْتِجُ إِبِلُ قَوْمِكَ صِحَاحًا آذَانُهَا فَتَعْمَدُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَتَقْطَعُ آذَانَهَا فَتَقُولُ هَذِهِ بُحُرٌ وَتَشُقُّهَا أَوْ تَشُقُّ جُلُودَهَا وَتَقُولُ هَذِهِ صُرُمٌ وَتُحَرِّمُهَا عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أَهْلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّ مَا آتَاكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَكَ وَسَاعِدُ اللَّهِ أَشَدُّ وَمُوسَى اللَّهِ أَحَدُّ

AIs it true that your camels give birth to camels with whole ears, but you take a knife, split its ears and declare, 'This is Buhur.' You split their skin and declare, 'This is Surum.' Thereafter, you declare such of them unlawful unto yourself and the family?' The man replied, 'Yes. We do that.' The Prophet said, 'Surely, what Allah has given you is yours, but Allah's arm is tougher than your arm; and Allah's knife is sharper than your knife. After presenting this shortened version of the hadith, Ibn Kathir remarks that the report, as found in two places in Ahmad, has a strong chain of narrators.

(What the Prophet meant perhaps is to warn the man of wealth that he should not mistreat his cattle because Allah’s arm is stronger and His knife sharper: Au.).

Zamakhshari warns: The verse conceals a strong warning to those who are used to arbitrarily declaring this or that lawful or unlawful. Such declarations should only be made when they can be backed by clear evidences. When one does not have them, let him hold his peace. Otherwise he will be fastening a lie on Allah.

Hence we see that, according to the Hanafiyy scholars, an unequivocal textual commandment (nass qata`i) is necessarily required to declare a thing unlawful (Au.).

Sufi commentator Thanwi adds that this verse refutes those who, for ascetic reasons, treat some of Allah's bounties as unlawful to themselves. All that can be said is that there is no harm if it is temporarily resorted to, (as a cure for certain base desires or traits, or a firmer control over one's self: Au.).

86. So, it is by His grace and mercy that He has declared most things on earth as lawful unto His slaves, declaring not anything as unlawful but what harms them (Ibn Kathir).

87. The implication of the words with which the verse ends is that Allah has been very generous in giving the people the tools of intelligence and sending to them His Messages. But the people do not use reason and do not accept the invitation to think.