Towards Understanding the Quran - Tafheem ul Quran
Quran Translation & Commentary by Abul ala Maududi, English render by Zafar Ishaq Ansari(Surah 1-46, 66-114),
Muhammad Akbar & A. A Kamal
(Surah 47-65)
Quran Translation
Word for Word by
Dr. Shehnaz Shaikh
& Kausar Khatri
Introduction
1. Al-Fatihah
2. Al-Baqarah
3. Al-Imran
4. Al-Nisa
5. Al-Maidah
6. Al-Anam
7. Al-Araf
8. Al-Anfal
9. Al-Taubah
10. Yunus
11. Hud
12. Yusuf
13. Al-Rad
14. Ibrahim
15. Al-Hijr
16. Al-Nahl
17. Bani Israil
18. Al-Kahf
19. Maryam
20. Ta-Ha
21. Al-Anbiya
22. Al-Hajj
23. Al-Muminun
24. An-Nur
25. Al-Furqan
26. Ash-Shuara
27. An-Naml
28. Al-Qasas
29. Al-Ankabut
30. Ar-Rum
31. Luqman
32. As-Sajdah
33. Al-Ahzab
34. Saba
35. Fatir
36. Yasin
37. As-Saffat
38. Saad
39. Az-Zumar
40. Al-Mumin
41. Ha-Meem-As-Sajdah
42. AShura
43. Az-Zukhruf
44. Ad-Dukhan
45. Al-Jathiyah
46. Al-Ahqaf
47. Muhammad
48. Al-Fath
49. Al-Hujurat
50. Al-Qaf
51. Adh-Dhariyat
52. At-Tur
53. An-Najm
54. Al-Qamar
55. Al-Rahman
56. Al-Waqiah
57. Al-Hadid
58. Al-Mujadalah
59. Al-Hashr
60. Al-Mumtahinah
61. As-Saff
62. Al-Jumuah
63. Al-Munafiqun
64. Al-Taghabun
65. At-Talaq
66. At-Tahrim
67. Al-Mulk
68. Al-Qalam
69. Al-Haqqah
70. Al-Maarij
71. Nuh
72. Al-Jinn
73. Al-Muzzammil
74. Al-Muddhththir
75. Al-Qiyamah
76. Ad-Dahr
77. Al-Mursalat
78. An-Naba
79. An-Naziat
80. Abas
81. At-Takwir
82. Al-Infitar
83. At-Tatfif
84. Al-Inshiqaq
85. Al-Buruj
86. At-Tariq
87. Al-Ala
88. Al-Ghashiyah
89. Al-Fajr
90. Al-Balad
91. Ash-Shams
92. Al-Lail
93. Ad-Duha
94. Al-Inshirah
95. At-Tin
96. Al-Alaq
97. Al-Qadr
98. Al-Bayyinah
99. Az-Zilzal
100. Al-Adiyat
101. Al-Qariah
102. At-Takathur
103. Al-Asr
104. Al-Humazah
105. Al-Fil
106. Al-Quraish
107. Al-Maun
108. Al-Kauthar
109. Al-Kafirun
110. An-Nasr
111. Al-Lahab
112. Al-Ikhlas
113. Al-Falaq
114. An-Nas
وَ اِذْ And when قَالَ Ibrahim said اِبْرٰهِیْمُ Ibrahim said لِاَبِیْهِ to his father وَ قَوْمِهٖۤ and his people اِنَّنِیْ Indeed, I (am) بَرَآءٌ disassociated مِّمَّا from what تَعْبُدُوْنَۙ you worship اِلَّا Except الَّذِیْ the One Who فَطَرَنِیْ created me فَاِنَّهٗ and indeed He سَیَهْدِیْنِ will guide me وَ جَعَلَهَا And he made it كَلِمَةًۢ a word بَاقِیَةً lasting فِیْ among عَقِبِهٖ his descendents لَعَلَّهُمْ so that they may یَرْجِعُوْنَ return بَلْ Nay مَتَّعْتُ I gave enjoyment هٰۤؤُلَآءِ (to) these وَ اٰبَآءَهُمْ and their forefathers حَتّٰی until جَآءَهُمُ came to them الْحَقُّ the truth وَ رَسُوْلٌ and a Messenger مُّبِیْنٌ clear وَ لَمَّا And when جَآءَهُمُ came to them الْحَقُّ the truth قَالُوْا they said هٰذَا This سِحْرٌ (is) magic وَّ اِنَّا and indeed we بِهٖ of it كٰفِرُوْنَ (are) disbelievers وَ قَالُوْا And they say لَوْ لَا Why not نُزِّلَ was sent down هٰذَا this الْقُرْاٰنُ the Quran عَلٰی to رَجُلٍ a man مِّنَ from الْقَرْیَتَیْنِ the two towns عَظِیْمٍ great اَهُمْ Do they یَقْسِمُوْنَ distribute رَحْمَتَ (the) Mercy رَبِّكَ ؕ (of) your Lord نَحْنُ We قَسَمْنَا [We] distribute بَیْنَهُمْ among them مَّعِیْشَتَهُمْ their livelihood فِی in الْحَیٰوةِ the life الدُّنْیَا (of) the world وَ رَفَعْنَا and We raise بَعْضَهُمْ some of them فَوْقَ above بَعْضٍ others دَرَجٰتٍ (in) degrees لِّیَتَّخِذَ so that may take بَعْضُهُمْ some of them بَعْضًا others سُخْرِیًّا ؕ (for) service وَ رَحْمَتُ But (the) Mercy رَبِّكَ (of) your Lord خَیْرٌ (is) better مِّمَّا than what یَجْمَعُوْنَ they accumulate وَ لَوْ لَاۤ And if not اَنْ that یَّكُوْنَ (would) become النَّاسُ [the] mankind اُمَّةً a community وَّاحِدَةً one لَّجَعَلْنَا We (would have) made لِمَنْ for (one) who یَّكْفُرُ disbelieves بِالرَّحْمٰنِ in the Most Gracious لِبُیُوْتِهِمْ for their houses سُقُفًا roofs مِّنْ of فِضَّةٍ silver وَّ مَعَارِجَ and stairways عَلَیْهَا upon which یَظْهَرُوْنَۙ they mount 43. Az-Zukhruf Page 492 وَ لِبُیُوْتِهِمْ And for their houses اَبْوَابًا doors وَّ سُرُرًا and couches عَلَیْهَا upon which یَتَّكِـُٔوْنَۙ they recline وَ زُخْرُفًا ؕ And ornaments of gold وَ اِنْ And not (is) كُلُّ all ذٰلِكَ that لَمَّا but مَتَاعُ an enjoyment الْحَیٰوةِ (of) the life الدُّنْیَا ؕ (of) the world وَ الْاٰخِرَةُ And the Hereafter عِنْدَ with رَبِّكَ your Lord لِلْمُتَّقِیْنَ۠ (is) for the righteous
(43:26) Call to mind when Abraham said to his father and his people:24 “I totally disown all whom you serve
(43:27) except the One Who created me; and, behold, it is He Who will direct me to the Right Way.”25
(43:28) And Abraham left behind this word26 to endure among his posterity so that they may return to it.27
(43:29) (Even when they began worshipping others than Allah We did not destroy them) but bestowed sustenance on them and on their forefathers until there came to them the Truth and a Messenger who clearly expounded things to them.28
(43:30) And when the Truth came to them they said: “This is just sorcery29 and we reject it.”
(43:31) They say: “Why was this Qur'an not sent down upon some great man from the two (main) cities?”30
(43:32) Is it they who distribute the Mercy of your Lord? It is We Who have distributed their livelihood among them in the life of this world, and have raised some above others in rank that some of them may harness others to their service.31 Your Lord's Mercy is better than all the treasures that they hoard.32
(43:33) Were it not that all mankind would become a single community (and follow the same way), We would have provided for all those who disbelieve in the Merciful One silver roofs for their houses, and (silver) stairs on which to go up,
(43:34) and (silver) doors to their houses, and couches (of silver) upon which they would recline;33
(43:35) or that they be made of gold. Surely all this is only the enjoyment of the life of the world. But (true prosperity) in the Hereafter with Your Lord is only for the God-fearing.
24. For a detailed discussion, see al-Baqarah 2: 124-33, Towards Understanding the Qur'an, vol. I, pp. 111-15; al-An‘am 6, nn. 50-5, vol. II, pp. 245-53; Ibrahim 14, nn. 46-53, vol. IV, pp. 272-5; Maryam.19, nn. 26-7, vol. V, pp. 160-1; al-Anbiya’ 21, nn. 54-66, vol. V, pp. 272-81; al-Shu‘ara 26, nn. 50-62, vol. VIL, pp. 74-80; al-’Ankabut 29, nn. 26-46, vol. VIII, pp. 21-30; al-Saffat 37: 83-100 and nn, 44-55, vol, IX, pp. 296-300.
25. Thus the Prophet Abraham (peace be on him) not only stated his belief, but also adduced an argument in support of it. The reason he disassociated himself from his ancestral deities was that they had neither created him nor provided him with the guidance he needed. Likewise, the reason for his being wholly devoted to the One True God was that He alone is the Creator, Who can and does guide man to the Straight Way.
26. In other words, none other than God deserves to be worshipped.
27. Whenever they deviated from the Straight Way this ‘word’ would be there to bring them back to it. This event is especially recounted to expose the disbelieving Quraysh’s irrational attitude. It was also recounted to put them to shame. For if they wanted to follow in the footsteps of their ancestors they should have chosen the role models of the Prophets Abraham and Ishmael (peace be on them). It is a pity that they chose instead the examples of their worst ancestors. It is pertinent to point out that the very basis of the Quraysh’s pre-eminence was their decadency from Abraham and Ishmael (peace be on them) as also their custodianship of the Ka’bah, built by Abraham and Ishmael.
The Quraysh should have followed those Prophets rather than those of their forefathers who were immersed in ignorance, those who had abandoned the way of the Prophets Abraham and Ishmael (peace be on them) and had adopted polytheism from the idol-worshippers of the lands around them. Moreover, by mentioning this error another error of those people is also laid bare: had blind imitation of ancestors, without distinguishing between good and evil, been right, the Prophet Abraham (peace be on him) would himself have done so. The fact, however, is that he told his people that he could not follow their beliefs which were based on ignorance, beliefs because of which they had abandoned their Creator and made imaginary beings, who had not created them, their deities.
28. The Qur’anic expression rasul mubin can also signify that a Messenger whose Messenger ship was self-evident had appeared on the scene. His illustrious life, both before and after assuming Messenger ship, demonstrates that he is beyond doubt a true Messenger of God.
29. For further details, see al-Anbiya’ 21, n. 5, Towards Understanding the Qur'an, vol. V, pp. 250-2; Sad 38, n. 5 above.
30. The two cities mean Makkah and Ta’if. The unbelievers contended that were God to send a Messenger, He would have chosen a leading person from either of these two main cities. On the contrary, he who was appointed to this office was an orphan, devoid of both wealth and worldly glory. As a youth, he had earned his livelihood as a shepherd.
Later, he engaged in trading and in this regard he drew upon the capital of his wife. Nor was he a tribal chief. Such eminent Makkan chiefs as Walid ibn al-Mughirah and ‘Utbah ibn Rabi‘ah were, in their opinion, better suited for this position. Likewise, leading figures such as ‘Urwah ibn Mas’ud, Habib ibn ‘Amr, Kinanah ibn ‘Abd ‘Amr and Ibn ‘Abd Yalil flourished in Ta‘if. Initially, they were not even prepared to consider that a fellow human being could be God’s Messenger.
The Qur’an, however, refuted their baseless contentions by stressing that all along it is humans who have been God’s Messengers, as it is they alone who can serve as guides to their fellow human beings. It is also affirmed that these Messengers did not abruptly descend from the sky. Rather, they were born like other humans and were brought up in their respective communities; they too walked about in the markets and enjoyed family lives and needed food and drink to sustain them. (See al-Nahl 16: 43; Bani Isra’il 17: 94-95; Yusuf 12: 109, al-Furqan 25: 7 and 20, al-Anbiya ‘21: 7-8 and al-Ra’d 13: 38.) In response to the Qur’anic argument ' the unbelievers said that some prominent person who commanded a large band of followers among them and inspired awe in such people should have been made God’s Messenger. According to their view, Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah (peace be on him), was not suited for that office.
31. This is the Qur’anic response to their objection. Here, a number of important points are succinctly brought out: (1) It is God’s right to decide to whom He grants a portion of His Mercy and to whom He does not. If this is not the case, one might ask, is it the prerogative of humans to decide who should receive a certain portion of God’s Mercy and who should not? (God’s Mercy here signifies that universal, encompassing Mercy in which everyone necessarily has a share.) (2) Let alone designation to God’s Messenger ship, even the bestowal of daily sustenance lies in God’s Hand. It is God Who causes the birth of humans of all types: beautiful and ugly, strong and weak, those with a sweet and others with an offensive voice, the intelligent and the dull-witted, and the rich and the poor. He grants some a retentive memory and makes others prone to forgetfulness. He grants some sound limbs and makes others crippled from birth. He causes some to be born among a developed and others among a backward people. No one other than God has any role in deciding such matters about human beings. They are, therefore, bound to live with the characteristics with which they were born. Again, it is God Who bestows on people sustenance, power, honor, fame, wealth and political authority. No one can interfere in God’s decisions on these matters. Those whom God causes to rise can never suffer a fall because of the machinations of others.
As for those about whom God decides that they shall encounter a fall, none can ever avert this. For all human efforts ultimately prove in vain against God’s decisions.
In a realm so exclusively and firmly in God’s control, it seems that some people like to arrogate to themselves the right to decide on God’s behalf on a matter so vital as to who should be appointed His Messenger.
(3) God does not bestow all endowments upon a single individual.
One notes a striking difference between various people in this regard. Some are granted a particular endowment while others do not share this. As a result, human beings are interdependent.
Given this, they should not foolishly think that an elite of their community, which has already been given political power and worldly glory, should also be endowed with the office of God’s Messenger ship. Their demand to combine all excellent qualities and privileges in one single person cannot be entertained.
Likewise, there is nothing odd in the fact that some people have not received a combination of excellence in intellect, knowledge, wealth, physical attractiveness, power and prestige.
32. God’s Mercy here specifically means the Mercy of Messenger ship.
The Qur’an here clearly points out that the Quraysh chiefs, whom the Makkans respected for their affluence and exalted rank, are unworthy of the august office of Messenger ship. Compared to other positions, there is a different criterion for appointing people to the elevated office of God’s Messenger ship, for this is an office that requires the highest qualities. It is not for every powerful tribal chief or opulent tycoon to hold such august office. The contrary view held by the Quraysh simply shows how very low the standards they had set up for appointment to God’s Messenger ship were or else they would not have thought of their chiefs in this regard. As for God, they should not expect Him to follow such an unwise course.
33. For the Prophet's detractors, wealth represented the very zenith of all bounties, the climax of all that deserves to be cherished. God, however, attaches scant importance to it. Had it not been feared that men would be a drawn towards unbelief, God would have granted all unbelievers houses 3 of gold and silver. Wealth is no index of a person’s moral or spiritual excellence. This is evident from the fact that many wicked people, whose rotten stench engulfs a whole society, are wealthy. Hence, it is foolish to regard wealth as a sign of someone’s greatness.