Surah 65. At-Talaq

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Verses [Section]: 1-7[1], 8-12 [2]

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Quran Text of Verse 8-12وَ كَاَیِّنْAnd how manyمِّنْofقَرْیَةٍa townعَتَتْrebelledعَنْagainstاَمْرِ(the) Commandرَبِّهَا(of) its Lordوَ رُسُلِهٖand His Messengersفَحَاسَبْنٰهَاso We took it to accountحِسَابًاan accountشَدِیْدًا ۙsevere;وَّ عَذَّبْنٰهَاand We punished itعَذَابًاa punishmentنُّكْرًا terrible فَذَاقَتْSo it tastedوَبَالَ(the) bad consequenceاَمْرِهَا(of) its affairوَ كَانَand wasعَاقِبَةُ(the) endاَمْرِهَا(of) its affairخُسْرًا loss اَعَدَّHas preparedاللّٰهُAllahلَهُمْfor themعَذَابًاa punishmentشَدِیْدًا ۙsevereفَاتَّقُواSo fearاللّٰهَAllahیٰۤاُولِیO menالْاَلْبَابِ ۛۖۚ۬(of) understandingالَّذِیْنَthose whoاٰمَنُوْا ۛ۫ؕhave believedقَدْIndeedاَنْزَلَHas sent downاللّٰهُAllahاِلَیْكُمْto youذِكْرًاۙa Message رَّسُوْلًاA Messengerیَّتْلُوْاrecitingعَلَیْكُمْto youاٰیٰتِ(the) Versesاللّٰهِ(of) Allahمُبَیِّنٰتٍclearلِّیُخْرِجَthat he may bring outالَّذِیْنَthose whoاٰمَنُوْاbelieveوَ عَمِلُواand doالصّٰلِحٰتِrighteous deedsمِنَfromالظُّلُمٰتِthe darkness[es]اِلَیtowardsالنُّوْرِ ؕthe lightوَ مَنْAnd whoeverیُّؤْمِنْۢbelievesبِاللّٰهِin Allahوَ یَعْمَلْand doesصَالِحًاrighteousnessیُّدْخِلْهُHe will admit himجَنّٰتٍ(into) Gardensتَجْرِیْflowمِنْfromتَحْتِهَاunderneath itالْاَنْهٰرُthe riversخٰلِدِیْنَabidingفِیْهَاۤthereinاَبَدًا ؕforeverقَدْIndeedاَحْسَنَHas been (granted) goodاللّٰهُ(by) Allahلَهٗfor himرِزْقًا provision اَللّٰهُAllahالَّذِیْ(is) He Whoخَلَقَcreatedسَبْعَsevenسَمٰوٰتٍheavensوَّ مِنَand ofالْاَرْضِthe earthمِثْلَهُنَّ ؕ(the) like of themیَتَنَزَّلُDescendsالْاَمْرُthe commandبَیْنَهُنَّbetween themلِتَعْلَمُوْۤاthat you may knowاَنَّthatاللّٰهَAllahعَلٰی(is) onكُلِّeveryشَیْءٍthingقَدِیْرٌ ۙ۬All-Powerfulوَّ اَنَّAnd thatاللّٰهَAllahقَدْindeedاَحَاطَencompassesبِكُلِّallشَیْءٍthingsعِلْمًا۠(in) knowledge

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Translation of Verse 8-12

(65:8) How many towns²⁰ rebelled against the commandment of their Lord and His Messengers. Then We called them to a stern accounting, and subjected them to a harrowing chastisement.

(65:9) So they tasted the evil fruit of their deeds; and the fruit of their deeds was utter loss.

(65:10) Allah has laid in store for them a grievous chastisement. So fear Allah, O people of understanding who have attained to faith. Allah has sent down to you an Exhortation,

(65:11) a Messenger²¹ who rehearses to you Allah's verses that clearly expound the Guidance so that He may bring out those that believe and act righteously, from every kind of darkness into light.²² He will admit whosoever believes in Allah and acts righteously to Gardens beneath which rivers flow. They shall abide in them forever. For such has Allah made an excellent provision.

(65:12) Allah it is He Who created seven heavens, and, like them, the earth.²³ His commandment descends among them. (All this is being stated so that you know) that Allah has power over everything, and that Allah encompasses all things in His knowledge.

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Commentary

20. Now, the Muslims are being warned of the fate they would meet in this world and in the Hereafter is they disobeyed the commands they have been given through the Messenger (peace be upon him) of Allah and His Book and the rewards they would receive if they adopted obedience.

21. Some of the commentators opine that admonition here implies the Quran and Messenger, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Some others say that admonition implies the Prophet (peace be upon him) himself, because he was admonition for the people through and through. We are of the opinion that this second interpretation is more correct, for according to the first commentary the sentence would read: We have sent down to you an ddmonition and sent such a Messenger. Obviously, there is no need for such an interpolation in the Quranic passage when it is perfectly meaningful, even more so, without it.

22. Out of darknesses into light: out of the darknesses of ignorance into the light of knowledge. The full significance of this divine saying becomes obvious only when one studies the other ancient and modern family laws of the world pertaining to divorce, waiting-period and provision of maintenance. This comparative study will show that in spite of the un-ending alterations, modifications and continual legislation no nation has been able so far to build for itself such a rational, natural and socially useful law as had been given by this Book and the Messenger (peace be upon him) who brought it 1500 wears ago. It has never stood in need of revision nor it ever will. There is no occasion here for a detailed comparative study of it; we have, however, given a brief specimen of it in the concluding portion of our book Huquq az-Zaujain; the scholars who are interested in the subject can for themselves compare the world’s religious and secular laws with this law of the Quran and Sunnah.

23. “The like of them” does not mean that He created as many earths as the heavens, but it means that He has also created several earths as He has created several heavens. “Of the earth” means that just as this earth which is inhabited by man is serving as bed and cradle for the creatures living on it, so has Allah made and set other earths also in the universe. which serve as beds and cradles for the creatures living on them. Moreover, there are clear pointers in the Qur'an to the effect that living creatures are not found only on the earth but also in the heavens. (For instance, see (Surah Ash-Shura: 29 and E.N. 50) on it. In other words! the countless stars and planets seen in the sky are not all lying desolate, but like the earth there are many among them which are inhabited.

From among the earliest commentators Ibn Abbas is the one, who had expressed this truth in the period when man was not even prepared to imagine that in the universe there are other habitats also, apart from the earth, where rational creatures live. Even the scientists of today are yet in doubt about this being a reality, nothing to say of the people living 1500 years ago, That is why Ibn Abbas felt hesitant about whether he should say such a thing before the common people are not, because he feared it might affect their faith. Mujahid says that when he was asked the meaning of this verse, he said: "If I give you the commentary of this verse, you will turn disbelievers, and your disbelief will be that you will deny it." Almost the same thing has been related from Sa'id bin Jubair, saying; Ibn Abbas said: what can be the guarantee that if I tell you its meaning, you would not turn disbelievers?" (lbn Jarir, 'Abd bin Humaid). However, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Hakim and Baihaqi in Shu'ab al-Iman and Kitab al-Asma' was Sifat have cited, on the authority of Abud-Doha, this commentary from Ibn Abbas in different words: "In each of those earths there is a Prophet like your Prophet, an Adam like your Adam, a Noah like your Noah, an Abraham like your Abraham, and a Jesus like your Jesus." This tradition has been related by Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Bat and by Ibn Kathir in his Commentary, and Imam Dhahbi says: "It has been reported authentically, but in my knowledge none apart from Abud-Doha has related it; therefore, it is an uncommon and rare tradition." Some other scholars regard it as a falsehood and Mulla 'AIi; Qari, in his Maudu at Kabir (p. 19), has described it as a fabrication, and written: `Even if it is a tradition from Ibn 'Abbas, it is based on Israelite traditions." But the truth is that the actual reason why the people have rejected it is their regarding it as remote from reason and beyond understanding; otherwise there is nothing in it which may by itself be opposed to reason. Thus, Allama Alusi in his discussion of it in his commentary writes: "There is neither any intellectual barrier to taking it as correct nor religious. It only means that in every earth there is a creation which turns to its origin just as mankind in our earth turns to Adam (peace be upon him). and in every earth there are individuals, who are distinguished among others just as the Prophets Noah and Abraham (peace be upon them) are distinguished among us. " A little below the Allama writes: "The earths may be more than seven, and likewise the heavens also may not be only seven. To rest content with the number seven, which is an indivisible integer, does not necessarily negate the higher numbers." Then, about the distances between one heaven and another, which have been stated as five hundred years or so in some Ahadith. the 'Allama says: "This is not meant to give the exact measurement of the distances, but to express the truth in a manner easily comprehensible to the people."

It is would be intresting to note that lately the Rand Corporation of America has estimated on the basis of their astronomical observations that only in the Galaxy to which our earth belongs there are about 600,000,000 (600 million) planets physical conditions on which closely resembles those on earth, and there is a possibility that they may be inhabited just as in the earth by living creatures. (Economist, London, 26 July, 1969)