Surah 59. Al-Hashr

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Verses [Section]: 1-10[1], 11-17 [2], 18-24 [3]

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Quran Text of Verse 11-17اَلَمْDo notتَرَyou seeاِلَی[to]الَّذِیْنَthose whoنَافَقُوْا(were) hypocritesیَقُوْلُوْنَsayingلِاِخْوَانِهِمُto their brothersالَّذِیْنَthose whoكَفَرُوْاdisbelievedمِنْamongاَهْلِthe Peopleالْكِتٰبِ(of) the ScriptureلَىِٕنْIfاُخْرِجْتُمْyou are expelledلَنَخْرُجَنَّsurely we will leaveمَعَكُمْwith youوَ لَاand notنُطِیْعُwe will obeyفِیْكُمْconcerning youاَحَدًاanyoneاَبَدًا ۙeverوَّ اِنْand ifقُوْتِلْتُمْyou are foughtلَنَنْصُرَنَّكُمْ ؕcertainly we will help youوَ اللّٰهُAnd Allahیَشْهَدُbears witnessاِنَّهُمْthat theyلَكٰذِبُوْنَ (are) surely liars لَىِٕنْIfاُخْرِجُوْاthey are expelledلَاnotیَخْرُجُوْنَthey will leaveمَعَهُمْ ۚwith themوَ لَىِٕنْand ifقُوْتِلُوْاthey are foughtلَاnotیَنْصُرُوْنَهُمْ ۚthey will help themوَ لَىِٕنْAnd ifنَّصَرُوْهُمْthey help themلَیُوَلُّنَّcertainly they will turnالْاَدْبَارَ ۫(their) backs;ثُمَّthenلَاnotیُنْصَرُوْنَ they will be helped لَاَنْتُمْCertainly you(r)اَشَدُّ(are) more intenseرَهْبَةً(in) fearفِیْinصُدُوْرِهِمْtheir breastsمِّنَthanاللّٰهِ ؕAllahذٰلِكَThatبِاَنَّهُمْ(is) because theyقَوْمٌ(are) a peopleلَّا(who do) notیَفْقَهُوْنَ understand لَاNotیُقَاتِلُوْنَكُمْwill they fight youجَمِیْعًاallاِلَّاexceptفِیْinقُرًیtownsمُّحَصَّنَةٍfortifiedاَوْorمِنْfromوَّرَآءِbehindجُدُرٍ ؕwallsبَاْسُهُمْTheir violenceبَیْنَهُمْamong themselvesشَدِیْدٌ ؕ(is) severeتَحْسَبُهُمْYou think theyجَمِیْعًا(are) unitedوَّ قُلُوْبُهُمْbut their heartsشَتّٰی ؕ(are) dividedذٰلِكَThatبِاَنَّهُمْ(is) because theyقَوْمٌ(are) a peopleلَّاnotیَعْقِلُوْنَۚthey reason كَمَثَلِLike (the) exampleالَّذِیْنَ(of) thoseمِنْfromقَبْلِهِمْbefore themقَرِیْبًاshortlyذَاقُوْاthey tastedوَبَالَ(the) evil resultاَمْرِهِمْ ۚ(of) their affairوَ لَهُمْand for themعَذَابٌ(is) a punishmentاَلِیْمٌۚpainful كَمَثَلِLike (the) exampleالشَّیْطٰنِ(of) the Shaitaanاِذْwhenقَالَhe saysلِلْاِنْسَانِto manاكْفُرْ ۚDisbelieveفَلَمَّاBut whenكَفَرَhe disbelievesقَالَhe saysاِنِّیْIndeed I amبَرِیْٓءٌdisassociatedمِّنْكَfrom youاِنِّیْۤIndeed [I]اَخَافُI fearاللّٰهَAllahرَبَّ(the) Lordالْعٰلَمِیْنَ (of) the worlds 59. Al-Hashr Page 548فَكَانَSo will beعَاقِبَتَهُمَاۤ(the) end of both of themاَنَّهُمَاthat they willفِی(be) inالنَّارِthe Fireخَالِدَیْنِabiding foreverفِیْهَا ؕthereinوَ ذٰلِكَAnd thatجَزٰٓؤُا(is the) recompenseالظّٰلِمِیْنَ۠(of) the wrongdoers

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Translation of Verse 11-17

11. Have you not seen the hypocrites²⁶ who tell their brethren who disbelieved among the People of the Book²⁷ that if you are driven out we will also get forth with you and we will never obey anyone against you. And if you are attacked we will definitely help you. But Allah bears witness that they are liars.

12. If they are driven out they will not get forth with them und if they are attacked they will not help them ²⁸ and even if they will help them they will turn their backs. Then they will not be helped.²⁹

13. Your awe in their hearts is more than that of Allah, for, they understand not.³⁰

14. They will never fight against you collectively but in fortified township or from behind walls.³¹ Their violence among themselves is strong. You think them as united but their hearts are torn apart.³² This is because they do not act with wisdom.³³

15. Their fate will be the same as of those who have recently tasted the consequence of their deeds.³⁴ And there is a painful torment for them.³⁵

16. They are like the devil³⁶ who tells man: disbelieve. And when he disbelieves he says: I disown you. I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds.³⁷

17. So the end of both is that they will go to Hell wherein they will dwell for ever.³⁸ This very is the reward of wrongdoers.

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Commentary

26. The hypocrites of Madina who were friendly with the Jews were clandestinely supporting them. Therefore here, Muslims have been warned of their real character and that they would never have enough courage to fight you.

27. Means the Jews residing around Madina like Bani Nazeer. Bani Quraizah etc. They have been termed “brethren of hypocrites” because the Jews and the hypocrites were similar in many ways.

28. They did not help Bani Nazeer at all. Regarding Bani Quraizah. Quran foretold that they too would not assist them. Accordingly when there was confrontation between Bani Quraizah and the Muslims this Quranic prediction proved true.

29. That is of Jews.

30. This is a description of the Jews of Madina. They fear Muslims more than they fear Allah because they have forgotten Allah. Since the Muslims are ever ready for self-sacrifice, the Jews are afraid of them. Really the fright ought to be of Allah in Whose power is each and every thing. But unwise people do not understand such a glaring fact.

31. Accordingly, the Jewish tribes never confronted Muslims directly. They could not gather enough courage to come in the open battle field. Bani Nazeer remained hidden in their castles.

Thereafter when Muslims attacked Bani Quraizah and the Jews of Khyber, they too did not come out in the open but tried to make Muslims tired while keeping themselves in closed castles. This strategy too failed miserably and the truth behind the Quranic statement became fully manifest.

32. Apparently the Jews look like united but due to the internal strife their hearts are torn apart. When they put the Divine Scripture behind their back and indulged in ever-new innovations in their beliefs and deeds, they got divided in various creeds. This division made them hate one-another and their unity evaporated.

33. That is: Instead of using their brains and intelligence they became slaves of their passions and wishful thinking. Whenever a group does not act wisely in religious matters they begin to worship their sentiments and distort the face of religion. Consequently disputes become so intense that their society gets torn apart.

34. The Jews too will face the fate which the idolaters had to face. This is a hint towards the war of Badr wherein a big number of polytheists was killed and they were badly defeated. It happened in 2 H.E. which was an event to be faced by the Jews very soon.

35. Means the painful torment of the Hereafter.

36. That is: The hypocrites who used to instigate the polytheists to fight with Muslims.

37. Satan excites man to disbelieve but thereafter he does not take up any responsibility on behalf of the disbeliever. Hence on the Day of Judgment satan will disown the Kafirs and will say that I did not force them to disbelieve. Regarding satan’s statement that I fear Allah the Lord of the worlds, it will be to save himself from the torment which overtakes disbelievers. Had he been really afraid of Allah why should he have become satan It should also be understood that these statements of satan are in the form of signs or doubts and apprehensions (waswasa).

For further explanation please see Surah Anfal. Note 73.

38. Means both satan as well as the one who indulges in disbelief will go to Hell. Likewise these hypocrites too will go there. So also the Jews who acted as per their advice.