Tafsir Maariful Quran
Quran Translation and Commentary by Maulana Mufti Mohammad Shafi. Translation by Prof. Muhammad Hasan Askari & Prof. Muhammad Shamim. Revised by Justice Mufti Muhammad Taqi UsmaniQuran Translation
Word for Word by
Dr. Shehnaz Shaikh
& Kausar Khatri
1. Al-Fatihah
2. Al-Baqarah
3. Al-Imran
4. Al-Nisa
5. Al-Maidah
6. Al-Anam
7. Al-Araf
8. Al-Anfal
9. Al-Taubah
10. Yunus
11. Hud
12. Yusuf
13. Al-Rad
14. Ibrahim
15. Al-Hijr
16. Al-Nahl
17. Bani Israil
18. Al-Kahf
19. Maryam
20. Ta-Ha
21. Al-Anbiya
22. Al-Hajj
23. Al-Muminun
24. An-Nur
25. Al-Furqan
26. Ash-Shuara
27. An-Naml
28. Al-Qasas
29. Al-Ankabut
30. Ar-Rum
31. Luqman
32. As-Sajdah
33. Al-Ahzab
34. Saba
35. Fatir
36. Yasin
37. As-Saffat
38. Saad
39. Az-Zumar
40. Al-Mumin
41. Ha-Meem-As-Sajdah
42. AShura
43. Az-Zukhruf
44. Ad-Dukhan
45. Al-Jathiyah
46. Al-Ahqaf
47. Muhammad
48. Al-Fath
49. Al-Hujurat
50. Al-Qaf
51. Adh-Dhariyat
52. At-Tur
53. An-Najm
54. Al-Qamar
55. Al-Rahman
56. Al-Waqiah
57. Al-Hadid
58. Al-Mujadalah
59. Al-Hashr
60. Al-Mumtahinah
61. As-Saff
62. Al-Jumuah
63. Al-Munafiqun
64. Al-Taghabun
65. At-Talaq
66. At-Tahrim
67. Al-Mulk
68. Al-Qalam
69. Al-Haqqah
70. Al-Maarij
71. Nuh
72. Al-Jinn
73. Al-Muzzammil
74. Al-Muddhththir
75. Al-Qiyamah
76. Ad-Dahr
77. Al-Mursalat
78. An-Naba
79. An-Naziat
80. Abas
81. At-Takwir
82. Al-Infitar
83. At-Tatfif
84. Al-Inshiqaq
85. Al-Buruj
86. At-Tariq
87. Al-Ala
88. Al-Ghashiyah
89. Al-Fajr
90. Al-Balad
91. Ash-Shams
92. Al-Lail
93. Ad-Duha
94. Al-Inshirah
95. At-Tin
96. Al-Alaq
97. Al-Qadr
98. Al-Bayyinah
99. Az-Zilzal
100. Al-Adiyat
101. Al-Qariah
102. At-Takathur
103. Al-Asr
104. Al-Humazah
105. Al-Fil
106. Al-Quraish
107. Al-Maun
108. Al-Kauthar
109. Al-Kafirun
110. An-Nasr
111. Al-Lahab
112. Al-Ikhlas
113. Al-Falaq
114. An-Nas
وَ اِذَا And when ضَرَبْتُمْ you travel فِی in الْاَرْضِ the earth فَلَیْسَ then not عَلَیْكُمْ upon you جُنَاحٌ (is) any blame اَنْ that تَقْصُرُوْا you shorten مِنَ [of] الصَّلٰوةِ ۖۗ the prayer اِنْ if خِفْتُمْ you fear اَنْ that یَّفْتِنَكُمُ (may) harm you الَّذِیْنَ those who كَفَرُوْۤا ؕ disbelieved اِنَّ Indeed الْكٰفِرِیْنَ the disbelievers كَانُوْا are لَكُمْ for you عَدُوًّا an enemy مُّبِیْنًا open 4. An-Nisa Page 95 وَ اِذَا And when كُنْتَ you are فِیْهِمْ among them فَاَقَمْتَ and you lead لَهُمُ for them الصَّلٰوةَ the prayer فَلْتَقُمْ then let stand طَآىِٕفَةٌ a group مِّنْهُمْ of them مَّعَكَ with you وَ لْیَاْخُذُوْۤا and let them take اَسْلِحَتَهُمْ ۫ their arms فَاِذَا Then when سَجَدُوْا they have prostrated فَلْیَكُوْنُوْا then let them be مِنْ from وَّرَآىِٕكُمْ ۪ behind you وَ لْتَاْتِ and let come (forward) طَآىِٕفَةٌ a group اُخْرٰی other لَمْ (which has) not یُصَلُّوْا prayed فَلْیُصَلُّوْا and let them pray مَعَكَ with you وَ لْیَاْخُذُوْا and let them take حِذْرَهُمْ their precautions وَ اَسْلِحَتَهُمْ ۚ and their arms وَدَّ Wished الَّذِیْنَ those who كَفَرُوْا disbelieved لَوْ if تَغْفُلُوْنَ you neglect عَنْ [about] اَسْلِحَتِكُمْ your arms وَ اَمْتِعَتِكُمْ and your baggage فَیَمِیْلُوْنَ so (that) they (can) assault عَلَیْكُمْ [upon] you مَّیْلَةً (in) an attack وَّاحِدَةً ؕ single وَ لَا But (there is) no جُنَاحَ blame عَلَیْكُمْ upon you اِنْ if كَانَ was بِكُمْ with you اَذًی any trouble مِّنْ (because) of مَّطَرٍ rain اَوْ or كُنْتُمْ you are مَّرْضٰۤی sick اَنْ that تَضَعُوْۤا you lay down اَسْلِحَتَكُمْ ۚ your arms وَ خُذُوْا but take حِذْرَكُمْ ؕ your precautions اِنَّ Indeed اللّٰهَ Allah اَعَدَّ has prepared لِلْكٰفِرِیْنَ for the disbelievers عَذَابًا a punishment مُّهِیْنًا humiliating فَاِذَا Then when قَضَیْتُمُ you (have) finished الصَّلٰوةَ the prayer فَاذْكُرُوا then remember اللّٰهَ Allah قِیٰمًا standing وَّ قُعُوْدًا and sitting وَّ عَلٰی and (lying) on جُنُوْبِكُمْ ۚ your sides فَاِذَا But when اطْمَاْنَنْتُمْ you are secure فَاَقِیْمُوا then establish الصَّلٰوةَ ۚ the (regular) prayer اِنَّ Indeed الصَّلٰوةَ the prayer كَانَتْ is عَلَی on الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ the believers كِتٰبًا prescribed مَّوْقُوْتًا (at) fixed times وَ لَا And (do) not تَهِنُوْا be weak فِی in ابْتِغَآءِ pursuit الْقَوْمِ ؕ (of) the people اِنْ If تَكُوْنُوْا you are تَاْلَمُوْنَ suffering فَاِنَّهُمْ then indeed, they یَاْلَمُوْنَ are (also) suffering كَمَا like what تَاْلَمُوْنَ ۚ you are suffering وَ تَرْجُوْنَ while you (have) hope مِنَ from اللّٰهِ Allah مَا what لَا not یَرْجُوْنَ ؕ they hope وَ كَانَ And is اللّٰهُ Allah عَلِیْمًا All-Knowing حَكِیْمًا۠ All-Wise
(4:101) When you travel on the earth, there is no sin on you in shortening your Salāh, if you fear that the disbelievers would put you in trouble. Surely, the disbelievers are an open enemy for you
(4:102) When you (O prophet) are in their midst, and arrange for them the Salāh, then, a party from them should stand with you, and should take their arms along. Then, once they performed Sajdah, they should move away from you, and the other party, that has not yet performed Salāh, should come and perform Salāh with you, and should take their precautionary measures and their arms. Those who disbelieve would want you to become heedless to your arms and your belongings, so that they come down upon you in a single move. There is no sin on you, if you have some inconvenience due to rain, or you are sick, in putting your arms aside, but take your precautionary measures. Surely, Allah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment
(4:103) Once you have finished your Salāh, then, remember Allah while standing, sitting and reclining. As soon as you are secure, perform Salāh as due. Surely, Salāh is an obligation on the believers that is tied up with time
(4:104) Do not show weakness in pursuing these people. If you are suffering, they are suffering as you are suffering, while you hope from Allah what they do not hope. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise
Commentary
The subject of Jihad and Hijrah were taken up in previous verses. Since travel is involved in Jihad and Hijrah under most conditions, the likelihood of confrontation with the enemy is strong and frequent while making such a trip. Therefore, special mention has been made in the verses cited above of some particular leaves and concessions in the performance of Sarah in due consideration of travel and its dangers.
(In Islamic legal terminology, Safar means journey or travel; Qasr refers to the making of one's Salah short while in that status. Thus, four obligatory Raka' at of Zuhr, 'Asr and 'Isha are reduced in number and confined to two Raka'at only.)
Rulings:
1. Full Sarah is made in a journey which is less than 48 miles.
2. If, after reaching the destination at the end of the journey, one intends to stay there for less than fifteen days, rules relating to 'journey' will continue to apply to him, that is, the obligatory four Raka'at of Salah will be reduced to half. This is Qasr. Now, if one intends to stay at one place for fifteen days, or more, it will become his place or country of residence. Here too, Qasr will not be observed as it was not observed in his original home country, that is, full Sarah will be performed.
3. Qasr is done in the Fard (obligatory) Salah of Zuhr, 'Asr and 'Isha' only. There is no Qasr in Maghrib and Fajr, nor in Sunnah and Witr prayers.
5. If, there be no fear of possible danger during a journey, Qasr will still be observed in making Sarah.
6. Some people are troubled by apprehensions of sin when making their Sarah short (Qasr) in place of the regular full Sarah. This is not correct because Qasr is also a rule of the Shari'ah following which brings no -sin. On the contrary, it brings reward.
7. Verse 102 mentions a special way of offering Sarah in a state where, due to the fear of enemy, all the Muslims cannot pray in a single congregation. This special way is called 'Salatul-Khawf, the details of which are found in the books of Islamic Fiqh. Verse 102 says: وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ ; (And when you { O prophet} are among them and arrange for them the Salah). Let this not be construed to mean that the injunction of the Salah of Fear (Salatul-Khawf) is no more imperative because the blessed person of the noble Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is no more present among us. The reason is that this restriction has been mentioned here in terms of the situation at that particular time, for there can be no sans-excuse Imam of Salah in the presence of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم . After him, whoever is the Imam shall be deemed to be standing in his place and he will be the one to lead the Salatul-Khawf. All leading religious authorities agree that the injunction of Salatul-Khawf is operative even after him and has not been abrogated.
8. Just as making Salatul-Khawf is permissible when in fear of hostility from human beings, so it is when one is gripped with the fear of hurt from some beast like a lion or python and there is very little time left to make the Salah.
In this verse (102), mention has been made of both groups making one Raka'ah each, but the method of performing the second Raka'ah has appeared in Hadith which says: 'When the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم turned for Salim after the completion of his two Raka' at, the two groups went on to complete their one Raka'ah each on their own'. More details can be seen there.