Surah 59. Al-Hashr

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Verses [Section]: 1-10[1], 11-17 [2], 18-24 [3]

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Quran Text of Verse 1-1059. Al-Hashrبِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِسَبَّحَGlorifiesلِلّٰهِ[to] Allahمَاwhateverفِی(is) inالسَّمٰوٰتِthe heavensوَ مَاand whateverفِی(is) inالْاَرْضِ ۚthe earthوَ هُوَAnd Heالْعَزِیْزُ(is) the All-Mightyالْحَكِیْمُ the All-Wise هُوَHeالَّذِیْۤ(is) the One Whoاَخْرَجَexpelledالَّذِیْنَthose whoكَفَرُوْاdisbelievedمِنْfromاَهْلِ(the) Peopleالْكِتٰبِ(of) the Scriptureمِنْfromدِیَارِهِمْtheir homesلِاَوَّلِat (the) firstالْحَشْرِ ؔؕgatheringمَاNotظَنَنْتُمْyou thinkاَنْthatیَّخْرُجُوْاthey would leaveوَ ظَنُّوْۤاand they thoughtاَنَّهُمْthat [they]مَّانِعَتُهُمْwould defend themحُصُوْنُهُمْtheir fortressesمِّنَagainstاللّٰهِAllahفَاَتٰىهُمُBut came to themاللّٰهُAllahمِنْfromحَیْثُwhereلَمْnotیَحْتَسِبُوْا ۗthey expectedوَ قَذَفَand He castفِیْintoقُلُوْبِهِمُtheir heartsالرُّعْبَ[the] terrorیُخْرِبُوْنَthey destroyedبُیُوْتَهُمْtheir housesبِاَیْدِیْهِمْwith their handsوَ اَیْدِیand the handsالْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ ۗ(of) the believersفَاعْتَبِرُوْاSo take a lessonیٰۤاُولِیO those endowedالْاَبْصَارِ (with) insight وَ لَوْ لَاۤAnd if notاَنْ[that]كَتَبَ(had) decreedاللّٰهُAllahعَلَیْهِمُfor themالْجَلَآءَthe exileلَعَذَّبَهُمْcertainly He (would) have punished themفِیinالدُّنْیَا ؕthe worldوَ لَهُمْand for themفِیinالْاٰخِرَةِthe Hereafterعَذَابُ(is) a punishmentالنَّارِ (of) the Fire 59. Al-Hashr Page 546ذٰلِكَThatبِاَنَّهُمْ(is) because [they]شَآقُّواthey opposedاللّٰهَAllahوَ رَسُوْلَهٗ ۚand His Messengerوَ مَنْAnd whoeverیُّشَآقِّopposesاللّٰهَAllahفَاِنَّthen indeedاللّٰهَAllahشَدِیْدُ(is) severeالْعِقَابِ (in) penalty مَاWhateverقَطَعْتُمْyou cut downمِّنْofلِّیْنَةٍ(the) palm-treesاَوْorتَرَكْتُمُوْهَاyou left themقَآىِٕمَةًstandingعَلٰۤیonاُصُوْلِهَاtheir rootsفَبِاِذْنِit (was) by the permissionاللّٰهِ(of) Allahوَ لِیُخْزِیَand that He may disgraceالْفٰسِقِیْنَ the defiantly disobedient وَ مَاۤAnd whatاَفَآءَ(was) restoredاللّٰهُ(by) AllahعَلٰیtoرَسُوْلِهٖHis Messengerمِنْهُمْfrom themفَمَاۤthen notاَوْجَفْتُمْyou made expeditionعَلَیْهِfor itمِنْofخَیْلٍhorsesوَّ لَاand notرِكَابٍcamelsوَّ لٰكِنَّbutاللّٰهَAllahیُسَلِّطُgives powerرُسُلَهٗ(to) His Messengersعَلٰیoverمَنْwhomیَّشَآءُ ؕHe willsوَ اللّٰهُAnd Allahعَلٰی(is) onكُلِّeveryشَیْءٍthingقَدِیْرٌ All-Powerful مَاۤWhatاَفَآءَ(was) restoredاللّٰهُ(by) AllahعَلٰیtoرَسُوْلِهٖHis Messengerمِنْfromاَهْلِ(the) peopleالْقُرٰی(of) the townsفَلِلّٰهِ(it is) for Allahوَ لِلرَّسُوْلِand His Messengerوَ لِذِیand for thoseالْقُرْبٰی(of) the kindredوَ الْیَتٰمٰیand the orphansوَ الْمَسٰكِیْنِand the needyوَ ابْنِandالسَّبِیْلِ ۙthe wayfarerكَیْthatلَاnotیَكُوْنَit becomesدُوْلَةًۢa (perpetual) circulationبَیْنَbetweenالْاَغْنِیَآءِthe richمِنْكُمْ ؕamong youوَ مَاۤAnd whateverاٰتٰىكُمُgives youالرَّسُوْلُthe Messengerفَخُذُوْهُ ۗtake itوَ مَاand whateverنَهٰىكُمْhe forbids youعَنْهُfrom itفَانْتَهُوْا ۚrefrainوَ اتَّقُواAnd fearاللّٰهَ ؕAllahاِنَّIndeedاللّٰهَAllahشَدِیْدُ(is) severeالْعِقَابِۘ(in) penalty لِلْفُقَرَآءِFor the poorالْمُهٰجِرِیْنَemigrantsالَّذِیْنَthose whoاُخْرِجُوْاwere expelledمِنْfromدِیَارِهِمْtheir homesوَ اَمْوَالِهِمْand their propertiesیَبْتَغُوْنَseekingفَضْلًاbountyمِّنَfromاللّٰهِAllahوَ رِضْوَانًاand pleasureوَّ یَنْصُرُوْنَand helpingاللّٰهَAllahوَ رَسُوْلَهٗ ؕand His MessengerاُولٰٓىِٕكَThoseهُمُtheyالصّٰدِقُوْنَۚ(are) the truthful وَ الَّذِیْنَAnd those whoتَبَوَّؤُsettledالدَّارَ(in) the homeوَ الْاِیْمَانَand (accepted) faithمِنْfromقَبْلِهِمْbefore themیُحِبُّوْنَloveمَنْ(those) whoهَاجَرَemigratedاِلَیْهِمْto themوَ لَاand notیَجِدُوْنَthey findفِیْinصُدُوْرِهِمْtheir breastsحَاجَةًany wantمِّمَّاۤof whatاُوْتُوْاthey were givenوَ یُؤْثِرُوْنَbut preferعَلٰۤیoverاَنْفُسِهِمْthemselvesوَ لَوْeven thoughكَانَwasبِهِمْwith themخَصَاصَةٌ ۫ؕpovertyوَ مَنْAnd whoeverیُّوْقَis savedشُحَّ(from) stinginessنَفْسِهٖ(of) his soulفَاُولٰٓىِٕكَthen thoseهُمُ[they]الْمُفْلِحُوْنَۚ(are) the successful ones 59. Al-Hashr Page 547وَ الَّذِیْنَAnd those whoجَآءُوْcameمِنْۢfromبَعْدِهِمْafter themیَقُوْلُوْنَthey sayرَبَّنَاOur Lordاغْفِرْforgiveلَنَاusوَ لِاِخْوَانِنَاand our brothersالَّذِیْنَwhoسَبَقُوْنَاpreceded usبِالْاِیْمَانِin faithوَ لَاand (do) notتَجْعَلْputفِیْinقُلُوْبِنَاour heartsغِلًّاany rancorلِّلَّذِیْنَtowards those whoاٰمَنُوْاbelievedرَبَّنَاۤOur Lordاِنَّكَindeed Youرَءُوْفٌ(are) Full of Kindnessرَّحِیْمٌ۠Most Merciful

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Surah Introduction

This Medinian sûrah takes its name from verse 2, which refers to the exile of the Jewish tribe of Banu An-Naḍîr from Medina for conspiring with the Meccan pagans to violate peace agreements with the Muslims. The hypocrites are condemned for their secret alliance with Banu An-Naḍîr. Some instructions are given regarding the distribution of the spoils of war. The sûrah closes by stressing unwavering obedience to Almighty Allah, which is further emphasized at the beginning of the next sûrah.

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Translation of Verse 1-101. In the Name of Allah-the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful.

1. Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth glorifies Allah. For He is the Almighty, All-Wise.

2. He is the One Who expelled the disbelievers of the People of the Book from their homes for ˹their˺ first banishment ˹ever˺. You never thought they would go. And they thought their strongholds would put them out of Allah's reach. But ˹the decree of˺ Allah came upon them from where they never expected. And He cast horror into their hearts so they destroyed their houses with their own hands and the hands of the believers. ¹¹⁸¹ So take a lesson ˹from this˺, O people of insight!

3. Had Allah not decreed exile for them, He would have certainly punished them in this world. And in the Hereafter they will suffer the punishment of the Fire.

4. This is because they defied Allah and His Messenger. And whoever defies Allah, then Allah is truly severe in punishment.

5. Whatever palm trees you ˹believers˺ cut down or left standing intact, it was ˹all˺ by Allah's Will, so that He might disgrace the rebellious. ¹¹⁸²

6. As for the gains Allah has turned over to His Messenger from them-you did not ˹even˺ spur on any horse or camel for such gains. But Allah gives authority to His messengers over whoever He wills. For Allah is Most Capable of everything.

7. As for gains granted by Allah to His Messenger from the people of ˹other˺ lands, they are for Allah and the Messenger, his close relatives, orphans, the poor, and ˹needy˺ travellers so that wealth may not merely circulate among your rich. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it. And whatever he forbids you from, leave it. And fear Allah. Surely Allah is severe in punishment.

8. ˹Some of the gains will be˺ for poor emigrants who were driven out of their homes and wealth, seeking Allah's bounty and pleasure, and standing up for Allah and His Messenger. They are the ones true in faith.

9. As for those who had settled in the city and ˹embraced˺ the faith before ˹the arrival of˺ the emigrants, they love whoever immigrates to them, never having a desire in their hearts for whatever ˹of the gains˺ is given to the emigrants. They give ˹the emigrants˺ preference over themselves even though they may be in need. And whoever is saved from the selfishness of their own souls, it is they who are ˹truly˺ successful.

10. And those who come after them will pray, "Our Lord! Forgive us and our fellow believers who preceded us in faith, and do not allow bitterness into our hearts towards those who believe. Our Lord! Indeed, You are Ever Gracious, Most Merciful."

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Commentary

1181. The Prophet ( ﷺ ) allowed Banu An-Naḍîr to carry whatever they could on their camels, so they removed the wooden pillars of their homes, causing them to collapse.

1182. The Prophet ( ﷺ ) had instructed the Muslim army not to cut down trees, but some soldiers had to remove some palm trees to be able to enter the fort, to the dismay of Banu An-Naḍîr. When Muslims disagreed on that act, this verse was revealed.